Exodus 32:4
And he received [them] at their hand…
For the use they
delivered them to him:
and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten
calf;
that is, after he had melted the gold, and cast it into a mould,
which gave it the figure of a calf, and with his tool wrought it into a
more agreeable form, he took off the roughness of it, and polished it;
or if it was in imitation of the Egyptian Apis or Osiris, he might with
his graving tool engrave such marks and figures as were upon that; to
cause the greater resemblance, so Selden F25 thinks;
(See Gill on 46:20) or else the sense may be, that he drew the
figure of a calf with his tool, or made it in "a mould" F26, into which
he poured in the melted gold,
and made it a molten calf;
the Targum of Jonathan gives another
sense of the former clause, "he bound it up in a napkin"; in a linen
cloth or bag, i.e. the gold of the ear rings, and then put it into the
melting pot, and so cast it into a mould, and made a calf of it. Jarchi
takes notice of this sense, and it is espoused by Bochart F1, who
produces two passages of Scripture for the confirmation of it,
(Judges 8:24) (2 Kings 5:23) and illustrates it by (Isaiah 46:6) . What
inclined Aaron to make it in the form of a calf, is not easy to
say; whether in imitation of the cherubim, one of the faces of which
was that of an ox, as Moncaeus thought; or whether in imitation of the
Osiris of the Egyptians, who was worshipped in a living ox, and
sometimes in the image of one, even a golden one. Plutarch is express
for it, and says F2, that the ox was an image of Osiris, and that it
was a golden one; and so says Philo the Jew F3, the Israelites,
emulous of Egyptian figments, made a golden ox; or whether he did this
to make them ashamed of their idolatry, thinking they would never be
guilty of worshipping the form of an ox eating grass, or because an ox
was an emblem of power and majesty:
and they said, these be thy gods, O Israel, [which brought] thee up
out of the land of Egypt;
they own they were, brought up out of
that land by the divine Being; and they could not be so stupid as to
believe, that this calf, which was only a mass of gold, figured and
decorated, was inanimate, had no life nor breath, and was just made,
after their coming out of Egypt, was what brought them from hence; but
that this was a representation of God, who had done this for them; yet
some Jewish writers are so foolish as to suppose, that through art it
had the breath of life in it, and came out of the mould a living calf,
Satan, or Samael, entering into it, and lowed in it F4.
FOOTNOTES:
F25 De Diis Syris Syntagm. 1. c. 4. p. 138.
F26 (jrxb wta ruyw) "formavit illud modulo", Piscator; so some in Ben
Melech, and in Vatablus; and so the Vulgate Latin, "formant opere
fusorio"; see Fagius in loc.
F1 Hierozoic. p. 1. l. 2. c. 39. col. 334, 335.
F2 De Isid. & Osir.
F3 De Vita Mosis, l. 3. p. 677.
F4 Pirke Eliezer, c. 45.
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