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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4138 - πλήρωμα
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- that which is (has been) filled
- a ship inasmuch as it is filled (i.e. manned) with sailors, rowers, and soldiers
- in the NT, the body of believers, as that which is filled with the presence, power, agency, riches of God and of Christ
- that which fills or with which a thing is filled
- of those things which a ship is filled, freight and merchandise, sailors, oarsmen, soldiers
- completeness or fulness of time
- fulness, abundance
- a fulfilling, keeping
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
πλήρ-ωμα, ατος, τό,
that which fills, complement, κρατήρων πληρώματα, i.e. wine, E. Ion 1051 (lyr.); so κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει π. τι; ib. 1412; χθονὸς π., i.e. men, Id. Or. 1642; λίθους τοὺς εἰς τὰ π. τῷ πύργῳ προσάξεται IG 22.244.109, cf. 90, al. (iv B. C.); τὸ π. τῆς γαστρός Hp. Aër. 7, Mul. 2.169, cf. Epicur. Sent.Vat. 59; of excrement, Orib. 8.35.7 .
2. δαιτὸς π. satiety of the feast, E. Med. 203 (anap.); π. τυρῶν their fill of cheese, Id. Cyc. 209 .
3. of ships, full number, Hdt. 8.43, 45; but, of single ships, complement, crew, in pl., Th. 7.4, 12, X. HG 5.1.11, D. 21.155, etc.: in sg., Th. 7.14; opp. ὑπηρεσία (q.v.), Lys. 21.10; παραλαβὼν τῶν πολιτᾶν ἐπιλέκτους ἐμ π. τρισί IPE 12.352.40 (Cherson., ii B. C. ); π. ἐπίλεκτον Plb. 1.47.6: generally, π. παρέχεσθαι πόλεως make up the full number of citizens, Arist. Pol. 1267b16, 1284a5, cf. 1291a17, Pl. R. 371e; τῶν φίλων π. ἀθροίσας E. Ion 664; gang of workmen, PPetr. 3p.130 (iii B. C.) .
4. of number, sum, ὀγδώκοντα ἔτεα ζόης π. μακρότατον προκεῖσθαι 80 years are fixed as life's longest sum, Hdt. 3.22; τούτων π. τάλαντ' ἐγγὺς δισχίλια γίγνεται Ar. V. 660; sum, total, τὸ π. τῶν ἀγαθῶν Metrod. Herc. 831.14, cf. Polystr. Herc. 346p.81V., Diog.Oen. 2 .
5. piece inserted to fill up, Ev. Matthew 9:16, Ruf. Onom. 216 .
6. fullness, full and perfect nature, Ep.Romans 11:12; τὸ π. τοῦ θεοῦ, τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ep.Ephesians 3:19, Ep.Ephesians 4:13, cf. Ep.Colossians 1:19; τῆς θεότητος ib. 2.9; later τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν Iamb. Myst. 1.8; the aggregate of properties which constitute the complete nature of a thing, full specification, substance, Dam. Proverbs 28:1-28 bis; φθαρτὰ π. ib. 34; τὰ μέσα π. ib. 35 bis; τὰ ἑκάστου πληρώματα τῆς οὐσίας ib. 14, cf. 56, 58; πᾶς νοῦς, π. ὢν εἰδῶν Procl. Inst. 177 .
7. reserves of troops, στρατιῶν Lyd. Mag. 3.44 (pl.).
8. mass, complex, ὁ κόσμος π. ἐστι κακίας, ζωῆς, Corp.Herm. 6.4, 12.15; γενομένη π. ἀρετῶν ἥδε ἡ ψυχή Ph. 2.418 .
9. duties of an office, Lyd. Mag. 3.6, al.; completion of a term of office (cf. 11), ib. 47.
10. freight, cargo, νεώς Ph. 2.18, cf. 465: metaph., π. εὐτυχίας ib. 547 .
II filling up, completing, S. Tr. 1213; Ζηνὸς ἔχεις κυλίκων π. hast the task of filling . ., E. Tr. 824 (lyr.).
2. fulfilment, νόμου Ep.Romans 13:10 .
πλήρωμα, πληρώματος, τό (πληρόω), the Sept. for מְלֹא;
1. etymologically it has a passive sense, that which is (or has been) filled; very rarely so in classical Greek: a ship, inasmuch as it is filled (i. e. manned) with sailors, rowers, and soldiers; ἀπό δύο πληρωματων Ἐμάχοντο, Lucian, ver. hist. 2, 37; πέντε εἶχον πληρώματα, ibid. 38. In the N. T. the body of believers, as that which is filled with the presence, power, agency, riches of God and of Christ: τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ephesians 4:13 (see ἡλικία, 1 c. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 30, 3 N. T; Buttmann, 155 (136)));
2. that which fills or with which a thing is filled: so very frequently in classical Greek from Herodotus down; especially of those things with which ships are filled, freight and merchandise, sailors, oarsmen, soldiers (cf. our 'complement' (yet cf. Lightfoot as below, p. 258f)) (of the animals filling Noah's ark, Philo de vit. Moys. ii. § 12); πλήρωμα πόλεως, the inhabitants or population filling a city, Plato, de rep. 2, p. 371 e.; Aristotle, polit. 3, 13, p. 1284{a}, 5; 4,4, p. 1291a, 17; others. So in the N. T. ἡ γῆ καί τό πλήρωμα αὐτῆς, whatever fills the earth or is contained in it, 1 Corinthians 10:26, 28 Rec. (Psalm 23:1
3. fullness, abundance: John 1:16; Colossians 1:19; Colossians 2:9; full number, Romans 11:25.
4. equivalent to πλήρωσις (see καύχημα, 2), i. e. a fulfilling, keeping: τοῦ νόμου (see πληρόω, 2 c. α.), Romans 13:10. For a full discussion of this word see Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, ii., p. 469ff; (especially Lightfoot's Commentary on Colossians, p. 257ff).
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πλήρωμα , -τος , τό
(<πληρόω ),
[in LXX for H4393;]
the result of the action involved in πληρόω (Lft., Col., 255 if.; AR, Eph., 255 ff.), hence,
1. in passive sense, that which has been completed, complement, plenitude, fullness (in Xen., Luc., Polyb., al., of a ship's crew or cargo, and by meton. of the ship itself) : John 1:16, Romans 11:12; Romans 11:25; Romans 15:29, 1 Corinthians 10:26 (LXX) Ephesians 1:23 (AR, 42 ff.) Ephesians 3:19 (AR. 87 ff.) Ephesians 4:13, Colossians 1:19; Colossians 2:9; of time, Galatians 4:4, Ephesians 1:10; κοφίνων (σφυρίδων ) πληρώματα , basketfuls, Mark 6:43; Mark 8:20.
2. In active sense (= πλήρωσις , as freq. in words of these formations, cf. κτίσις , and v. MM, xx);
(a) that which fills up (but v. Lft., l.c.) : Matthew 9:16, Mark 2:21;
(b) a filling up, completing, fulfilment: Romans 13:10.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Like the Latin ago πράσσω suggests the acting of a moral and responsible being rather than mere performance (facio), cf. 1 Corinthians 5:2; 1 Corinthians 9:17, and for the juxtaposition of the two verbs John 5:29, Romans 7:15 : see further Schmidt Lat. u. Gr. Synonymik, p. 294 ff. The distinction cannot, however, always be maintained.
For πράσσω in connexion with employment or the transaction of business, cf. P Tebt II. 289.7 (A.D. 23) where a strategus writes to an official regarding a supplementary report of tax-payments, οὕτως γὰρ γνώσομαι πότερον ἐπὶ τόπων σε ἐάσω πράττοντά τι ἢ. . ., ";for I shall thus know whether I shall leave you in employment where you are or . . ."; (Edd.), and the soldier’s letter to his sister P Meyer 20.5 (1st half iii/A.D.) γεινώσκειν σε θέλω ὅτι ἐν τῷ Ἀ [ρ ]σιν ̣οείτῃ πράσσω, ";I wish you to know that I am on duty in the Arsinoite district,"; and so .15, .40.
From this comes the derived sense to exact tribute or revenue (as in Luke 3:13; Luke 19:23) : P Petr III. 53 (p).10 (Ptol.) κα (λῶς) οὖν (ποιήσεις) συ (ντάξαι) ἤδη πρᾶξαι τοὺς ἐγγύους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡμῖν ἀποκαταστῆσ [α ]ι, ";you will do well, therefore, to order that payment be exacted from his sureties and restitution made to us"; (Ed.), P Tebt I. 58.49 (letter of a tax-gatherer—B.C. III) (= Witkowski.2, p. 105) τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς κω (μο)γρ (αμματεῖς) πρᾶξαι τὰς ΜΕ, ";and that the rest of the komogrammateis should be made to pay the 15000,"; and P Ryl II. 66.6 (late ii/B.C.) πράσσειν τοὺς προγεγραμμένους ἀκολούθως τοῖς ὑπὸ σοῦ κεκριμένοις, ";to make the aforesaid persons pay in accordance with your decisions"; (Edd.). See also P Tor II. 3.44 (B.C.127) with Peyron’s note.
With Acts 15:29, Eph .21, cf. P Oxy II. 292.13 (c. A.D. 25) πρὸ δὲ πάντων ὑγια <ί >νειν σε εὔχ [ο ]μαι ἀβασκάντως τὰ ἄριστα πράττων, ";before all else you have my good wishes for unbroken health and prosperity"; (Edd.), ib. VIII. 1155.8 (A.D. 104) εὖρον τὸν ἄνθρο (= ω)πον καλῶς πράσ <σ >οντα τὰ μεγάλα, ";I found the man prospering in the main."; In P Oxy IV. 822 (c. A.D. I) εὖ πράσσειν takes the plnce of χαίρειν as an opening greeting : in ib. I. 115.12 (ii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 96) εὖ πράττετε is a closing greeting : cf. Plato Epp. where εὖ πράττειν has the double meaning ";prosper"; and ";act rightly,"; and Epicurea ed. Usener p. 131.17; also M. Anton. vii. 36 βασιλικὸν μὲν εὖ πράττειν, κακῶς δὲ ἀκούειν. In P Oxy VII. 1067.3 (iii/A.D.) οὐ καλῶς ἔπραξας μὴ ἐλθεῖν χάριν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, πράσσω is practically equivalent to ποιέω (see supra).
We may add the following miscellaneous exx.—P Eleph 1.15 (B.C. 311–10) (= Selections, p. 4) τοὶ μετὰ Δημητρίας πράσσοντες ἐπεγφέρωσιν κατὰ Ἡρακλείδου, ";let those acting with Demetria bring the charge against Heraclides,"; P Oxy III. 532.15 (ii/A.D.) ὅρα οὖν μὴ (cf. Matthew 18:10, 1 Thessalonians 5:15) ἄλλως πράξῃς [[μὴ ]] καὶ ποιήσῃς με πρὸς σὲ ἐλθεῖν συνζητήσοντά σοι, ";mind that you do not fail and thereby cause me to come to you and dispute with you about it"; (Edd.), and P Giss I. 34.4 (A.D. 265–6) ἀξι ̣ῶ τ ̣ὰ ἀκόλουθα τοῖς γραφεῖσι πρᾶξαι.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
