Lectionary Calendar

Friday, April 19th, 2024
the Third Week after Easter

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Bible Lexicons

Old & New Testament Greek Lexical DictionaryGreek Lexicon

Strong's #575 - ἀπό

Transliteration

apó

Phonetics

apo'

Root Word (Etymology)

a primary particle

Parts of Speech

preposition

TDNT

None

Definition

Thayer
Strong
Mounce

Thayer's

of separation
1. of local separation, after verbs of motion from a place i.e. of departing, of fleeing, ...
2. of separation of a part from the whole
  1. where of a whole some part is taken
3. of any kind of separation of one thing from another by which the union or fellowship of the two is destroyed
4. of a state of separation, that is of distance
  1. physical, of distance of place
  2. temporal, of distance of time
of origin
1. of the place whence anything is, comes, befalls, is taken
2. of origin of a cause

Hebrew Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 8537 ‑ תֹּם (tome);

Frequency Lists

Book
Word
Parsing

Verse Results

KJV (661)

Matthew 115

Mark 50

Luke 123

John 41

Acts 111

Romans 25

1 Corinthians 10

2 Corinthians 18

Galatians 8

Ephesians 5

Philippians 5

Colossians 10

1 Thessalonians 12

2 Thessalonians 10

1 Timothy 5

2 Timothy 8

Titus 3

Philemon 2

Hebrews 24

James 6

1 Peter 4

2 Peter 2

1 John 18

2 John 2

3 John 1

Jude 2

Revelation 41

NAS (39)

Matthew 3

Mark 2

Luke 10

John 4

Acts 8

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

Colossians 2

2 Thessalonians 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 2

1 John 2

Revelation 2

HCS (581)

Matthew 107

Mark 36

Luke 111

John 41

Acts 96

Romans 23

1 Corinthians 7

2 Corinthians 16

Galatians 8

Ephesians 4

Philippians 3

Colossians 7

1 Thessalonians 9

2 Thessalonians 8

1 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 6

Titus 2

Philemon 1

Hebrews 22

James 6

1 Peter 5

2 Peter 3

1 John 18

2 John 2

3 John 1

Jude 2

Revelation 34

BSB (646)

Matthew 115

Mark 47

Luke 125

John 42

Acts 114

Romans 24

1 Corinthians 9

2 Corinthians 17

Galatians 8

Ephesians 4

Philippians 4

Colossians 9

1 Thessalonians 9

2 Thessalonians 9

1 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 7

Titus 2

Philemon 1

Hebrews 23

James 6

1 Peter 5

2 Peter 3

1 John 19

2 John 2

3 John 1

Jude 2

Revelation 36

ESV (567)

Matthew 100

Mark 37

Luke 108

John 38

Acts 96

Romans 22

1 Corinthians 9

2 Corinthians 14

Galatians 6

Ephesians 4

Philippians 3

Colossians 8

1 Thessalonians 10

2 Thessalonians 8

1 Timothy 3

2 Timothy 7

Titus 2

Hebrews 23

James 6

1 Peter 4

2 Peter 3

1 John 18

Revelation 38

WEB (652)

Matthew 114

Mark 53

Luke 126

John 40

Acts 107

Romans 25

1 Corinthians 9

2 Corinthians 18

Galatians 8

Ephesians 4

Philippians 4

Colossians 8

1 Thessalonians 11

2 Thessalonians 9

1 Timothy 4

2 Timothy 7

Titus 2

Philemon 1

Hebrews 24

James 6

1 Peter 6

2 Peter 2

1 John 17

2 John 2

3 John 1

Jude 2

Revelation 42

KJV (661)

From 3

Hereafter 3

I 2

Of 2

On 1

ago 4

among 1

and 1

at 9

before 2

by 9

escape 1

for 10

from 393

him 1

in 5

of 175

off 7

on 4

since 9

that 1

the 1

them 1

these 1

to 1

upon 1

were 1

with 5

NAS (39)

SINCE 1

after 1

against 4

ago 2

among 2

away 3

because 9

belonged 1

distance 1

initiative 1

left 1

off 1

since 10

some 1

way 1

HCS (581)

From 1

a long distance 1

a long way off 1

again 1

against 3

at 1

because of 1

by 5

for 3

from 68

from now on 2

in 1

it away 4

of 13

on 11

one from 1

since 2

some of 1

things from 2

with 3

without exception 1

* 4

A partial 1

Ever since 1

From 7

From now on 3

From then on 1

One who is from 2

after 1

ago 1

among 2

and because of 1

and from 1

at 1

at a distance 3

away 2

away from 1

because of 6

before 2

by 16

clean from 1

comes from 1

debris from 1

did from 1

disappeared from 1

exhausted from 1

far off 3

for 6

for a while 1

from 291

from a distance 3

from now on 3

generation from 1

had left 1

he was from 1

in 6

in from 2

in the distance 1

in the future 1

is from 2

it from 1

it ourselves from 1

of 25

of you from 1

on 5

on some points 1

once 1

one from 1

other since 1

out of 2

part of 2

people of 1

person off 1

since 9

them in 1

they come from 1

they have been since 1

things from 1

this from 1

this is from 1

through 1

to 1

to some degree 1

was from 1

which was spent from 1

who are from 1

who warns us from 1

who was from 1

with 4

you have partially 1

BSB (646)

110

* 89

After 1

Ever 1

From 13

Now 1

Since 1

[ messengers ] from 1

[He lived in] 1

[He was] from 1

[against] 1

[and] cut off from 1

[but] 1

[came] from 1

[he was] from 1

[his share] 1

[his share] of 1

[is] from 2

[on returning] from 1

[sent] from 1

[some] of 3

[those] of 1

[who were] 1

again 1

against 2

ago 2

as did 1

as for 1

at the hands of 1

away 5

away from 4

because of 3

before 2

belonged to 1

beyond 1

by [those] 1

depended 1

exhausted from 1

for 11

for a distance of 1

from 338

from [him] 1

from [the] 1

from among 1

of the 1

off 1

out 1

out of 3

over 1

separated from 1

since 11

with 12

ESV (567)

From 9

Of 1

against 5

ago 2

as 1

at 4

because 2

before 1

begins 1

being 1

belonged 1

belonged to 1

by 17

ever 1

far 1

for 12

from 381

in 12

left 2

obtain 1

of 62

off 4

on 12

one 1

out 2

own 1

part 1

since 5

some 3

the 4

them 1

through 1

to 3

touched 1

warns 1

were 1

who 1

with 7

WEB (652)

By 1

For 1

From 16

On 1

Was it from 1

When 1

a 1

a good 1

about 1

ago 1

also of 1

and on 3

as 2

as far as 1

at 2

away 5

away from 13

because 2

been from 1

before 2

believe for 1

by 20

by Jesus from 1

come down 1

come of 1

country from 1

did from 1

down from 2

for 9

forth 1

forth from 1

forth out 1

forward 1

from 403

from a 1

from him 1

have been from 1

have from 1

hereafter 1

him 1

him who is from 2

his 1

his share 1

in 5

in for 1

is from 1

it from 1

judge for 1

long 1

made of 1

nbsp 12

of 61

of compassion against 1

off 1

on 2

out 4

out from 3

out of 5

part of 2

position from 1

questions from 1

sent out 1

shake off 1

share of 1

short of 1

since 8

some of 1

that come from 1

that from 1

the 4

the stars of 1

their 1

these 1

they were from 1

things from 1

those from among 1

to 1

to start a 1

warns from 1

when they come from 1

which 1

with 5

you 1

yourselves from 1

RAH

P 3485

ANT

PREP 661

BEZ

PREP 670

BGB

Adv 1

Prep 650

BMT

PREP 656

BYZ

PREP 666

ELZ

PREP 671

NA26

ADV 1

D-APN 2

N-APF 1

N-NSM 1

P-AS 1

P-NS 1

PREP 622

T-GPM 1

V-AMI-2P 1

V-AMPNPM 1

V-APN 1

V-XPPAPN 1

V-XPPNPM 1

SBL

D 1

P 643

SCV

PREP 670

STV

PREP 670

TIS

PREP 640

PREP 672

PREP 655

Liddell-Scott-Jones Definitions

ἀπό,

Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph. 44, cf. 78, Alc. 33, Theoc. 28.16, IG 12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.: — Pr usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt. ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, O E. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [ ᾰπο: where ἀπο is found in before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν Il. 6.62, ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664, Hes. Sc. 409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11: — ᾱ metri gr. in compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]

I OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense:

1 of Motion, from, away from, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il. 2.208; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib. 24.492; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν 8.365 (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ecclesiastes 1:10, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il. 10.151; also ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib. 24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X. Mem. 2.7.2; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω Th. 4.126: — freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν.. μάχοντο Il. 15.386; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od. 9.49; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt. 1.79; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων on horse back, Pl. R. 328a; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν X. An. 1.2.7; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X. HG 6.2.29; ὀμμάτων ἄπο.. κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E. Hec. 240: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl. Tht. 142a.

2. of Position, away from, far from, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il. 2.292 (cf. ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu. CG 4); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων Od. 23.110; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc. 193; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il. 23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th. 1.7, cf. 46; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id. 6.64; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι Id. 1.99; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S. OC 900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ..., νόσφιν ἀ..., Il. 23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X. HG 2.4.4, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S. 4.56; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu. Ph 4; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id. Oth. 11, cf. D.Chr. 17.17.

3. of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il. 1.562; ἀ. δόξης 10.324; οὐ.. ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης Od. 11.344; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th. 1.76; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl. R. 470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id. Tht. 179c, 187e; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr. 389; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D. 24.6; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R. 2.863.

4. in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν.. ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E. Tr. 523; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl. Smp. 212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od. 11.278.

5. with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν, X. Cyr. 7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων.. ἐπαρήξουσι ib. 6.4.18; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl. Cra. 410b; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt. 4.8; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X. An. 7.2.19; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc. 6.18.

6. partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od. 5.40; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys. 539; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt. 6.27; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th. 7.87, cf. A. Pers. 1023.

7. Math., of figures described upon a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.19, etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc. 1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ... Archim. Spir. 10, 11.

8. ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man and woman, LXX 1 Esdras 9:40; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦ ib. Numbers 5:3.

9. from being, instead of, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς.. ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc. 15.106.

10. privative, free from, without, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips. 16.19 (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας PTeb 420.4 (iii A. D.).

II OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il. 8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt. 1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id. 1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp. Salubr. 5; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X. Lac. 5.8; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε, from this point onwards, Hdt. 1.4, 2.99; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id. 1.82, X. An. 7.5.8; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc. Tox. 25; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς.. Hdt. 3.14, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id. 8.55, cf. X. An. 1.7.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου Id. Cyr. 1.2.13; more often ἀπ' or ἀφ' οὗ, Hdt. 2.44, Th. 1.18, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ A. Pers. 177; ἀφ' ἧς Plu. Pel. 15; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th. 1.2, 2.15; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς Pi. P. 8.25, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr. 1.2.8; ἀφ' ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th. 7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib. 43; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar. V. 218; ἀπ' ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Mark 15:21; cf. Mark 7:4; ἀ. νουμηνίας X. An. 5.6.23; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX 2 Samuel 20:5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of.., ib. 24.8; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu. Caes. 5: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG 3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy. 1103.3 (iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn. 7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of.., IG 5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473.

III OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:

1 of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od. 19.163; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350, cf. S. OT 415, OC 571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc. 12.81, cf. Hdt. 7.150; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα A. Pr. 853; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl. R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them. 32; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος E. Alc. 509: of the place one springs from, ἵπποι.. ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il. 2.839. cf. 849; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt. 8.114, cf. Th. 1.89, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X. Cyr. 2.1.5, etc.:hence, metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od. 6.18; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib. 12; γάλα ἀ. βοός A. Pers. 611; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν Id. Eu. 314; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th. 1.69; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X. Cyr. 3.3.53. of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, towns folk, Plb. 2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc. Herm. 14; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu. Brut. 2; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc. Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu. Sull. 2; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id. Caes. 10, etc.; ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E. P. 1.153.

2. of the material from or of which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt. 7.65; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A. Ag. 970, cf. S. Tr. 704; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc. 15.117; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Matthew 3:4 : hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb. 24.1.7, IG 2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI 3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl. Phd. 59a; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr. Char. 28.4; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc. 16.49; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc. DMort. 10.8.

3. of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς.. πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il. 24.605; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας 8.279; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371, 11.675; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc. Hist.Conscr. 29; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X. Lac. 5.9; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str. 17.3.7; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S. 5.29; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Leviticus 4:7.

4. of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt. 1.14; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id. 2.54; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Th. 1.17, cf. 6.61; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl. R. 528a, etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E. Tr. 74, S. OC 1628; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th. 1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb. 1.34.8, Str. 5.4.12, D.H. 9.12, Luke 9:22, J. AJ 20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par. 1.256, BGU 1185.26 (Aug.), SIG 820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc.

5. of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt. 1.203; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib. 216; ἀ. πολέμου Id. 5.6; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X. Mem. 1.2.14; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id. An. 6.1.1; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id. HG 4.8.9, cf. Th. 1.99; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar. Pl. 569, cf. D. 24.124; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους.. γεγένησαι Ar. Eq. 788, cf. D. 18.102; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι quaestum corpore facere, Plu. Tim. 14.

6. of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt. 2.42; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th. 2.25, 6.12, X. Cyr. 1.1.2; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th. 5.17; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id. 1.46; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X. An. 7.7.9; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D. 2.27; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of.., Th. 4.30; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id. 7.29; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D. 18.194; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id. 19.320; τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου φρενός A. Ag. 1302, cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt. 7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D. 3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il. 7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Th. 1.99, 15, D. 14.6, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id. 18.298; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th. 1.91; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib. 35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id. 3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl. Prt. 323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt. 1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A. Ag. 813); ἀ. στόματος Pl. Tht. 142d; ἀπ' ὄψεως at sight, Lys. 16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar. V. 656; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον A. Ag. 988; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E. Med. 216; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X. Mem. 1.2.9; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th. 8.66, cf. IG 1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist. Ath. 24.3; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D. 18.106; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th. 8.6, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id. 4.68; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt. 5.74, Th. 8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X. Eq.Mag. 3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr.. 1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.).

1. of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island.., Hdt. 4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar. Ra. 762. in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ ] IG 5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr. 135.8 H. (Idalion).

2. in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond. 1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.). in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il. 5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt. 8.89.

IN COMPO S.: 1 asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off,

Thayer's Expanded Definition

ἀπό (from Homer down), preposition with the genitive (Latina,ab,abs, German von,ab,weg (cf. English of, off)), from, signifying now separation, now origin. On its use in the N. T., in which the influence of the Hebrew מִן is traceable, cf. Winers Grammar, 864f (342), 369ff (346ff); Buttmann, 321ff (276ff). (On the neglect of elision before words beginning with a vowel see Tdf. Proleg., p. 94; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10f; WH's Appendix, p. 146.) In order to avoid repetition we forbear to cite all the examples, but refer the reader to the several verbs followed by this preposition. ἀπό, then, is used:

I. of separation; and

1. of local separation, after verbs of motion from a place (of departing, fleeing, removing, expelling, throwing, etc., see αἴρω, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποτινάσσω, ἀποχορέω, ἀφίστημι, φεύγω, etc.): ἀπεσπάσθη ἀπ' αὐτῶν, Luke 22:41; βάλε ἀπό σου, Matthew 5:29f; ἐκβάλω τό καρθος ἀπό (L T Tr WH ἐκ) τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ, Matthew 7:4; ἀφ' (L WH Tr text παῥ (which see I. a.)) ἧς ἐκβεβλήκει δαιμόνια, Mark 16:9; καθεῖλε ἀπό θρόνων, Luke 1:52.

2. of the separation of apart from the whole; where of a whole some part is taken: ἀπό τοῦ ἱματίου, Matthew 9:16; ἀπό μελισσίου κηρίου, Luke 24:42 (R G, but Tr brackets the clause); ἀπό τῶν ὀψαρίων, John 21:10; τά ἀπό τοῦ πλοίου fragments of the ship, Acts 27:44; ἐνοσφίσατο ἀπό τῆς τιμῆς, Acts 5:2; ἐκχέω ἀπό τοῦ πνεύματος, Acts 2:17; ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπ' αὐτῶν, Luke 6:13; τινα ἀπό τῶν δύο, Matthew 27:21; ὅν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπό υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, namely, τινες (R. V. whom certain of the children of Israel did price (cf. τίς, 2 c.); but others refer this to II. 2 d. aa. at the end, which see), Matthew 27:9 (ἐξῆλθον ἀπό τῶν ἱερέων, namely, τινες, 1 Macc. 7:33); after verbs of eating and drinking (usually joined in Greek to the simple genitive of the thing (cf. Buttmann, 159 (139); Winer's Grammar, 198f (186f)): Matthew 15:27; Mark 7:28; πίνειν ἀπό, Luke 22:18 (elsewhere in the N. T. ἐκ).

3. of any kind of separation of one thing from another by which the union or fellowship of the two is destroyed;

a. after verbs of averting, loosening, liberating, ransoming, preserving: see ἀγοράζω, ἀπαλλάσσω, ἀποστρέφω, ἐλευθερόω, θεραπεύω, καθαρίζω, λούω, λυτρόω, λύω, ῤύομαι, σῴζω, φυλάσσω, etc.

b. after verbs of desisting, abstaining, avoiding, etc.: see ἀπέχω, παύω, καταπαύω, βλέπω, προσέχω, φυλάσσομαι, etc.

c. after verbs of concealing and hindering: see κρύπτω, κωλύω, παρακαλύπτω.

d. Concise constructions (cf. especially Buttmann, 322 (277)): ἀνάθεμα ἀπό τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Romans 9:3 (see ἀνάθεμα under the end); λούειν ἀπό τῶν πληγῶν to wash away the blood from the stripes, Acts 16:33; μετανοεῖν ἀπό τῆς κακίας by repentance to turn away from wickedness, Acts 8:22; ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀπό τίνος by death to be freed from a thing, Colossians 2:20; φθείρεσθαι ἀπό τῆς ἁπλότητος to be corrupted and thus led away from singleness of heart, 2 Corinthians 11:3; εἰσακουσθείς ἀπό τῆς εὐλαβείας heard and accordingly delivered from his fear, Hebrews 5:7 (others, heard for, i. e. on account of his godly fear (cf. II. 2 b. below)).

4. of a state of separation, i. e. of distance; and a. of distance of place, — of the local terminus from which: Matthew 23:34; Matthew 24:31, etc.; after μακράν, Matthew 8:30; Mark 12:34; John 21:8; after ἀπέχειν, see ἀπέχω 2; ἀπό ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω, Mark 15:38; ἀπό μακρόθεν, Matthew 27:55, etc. (cf. Buttmann, 70 (62); Winer's Grammar, § 65, 2). According to later Greek usage it is put before nouns indicating local distance: John 11:18 (ἦν ἐγγύς ὡς ἀπό σταδίων δεκαπέντε about fifteen furlongs off); John 21:8; Revelation 14:20 (Diodorus 1:51 ἐπάνω τῆς πόλεως ἀπό δέκα σχοίνων λίμνην ὠρυξε (also 1, 97; 4, 56; 16, 443; 17, 112; 18, 40; 19, 25, etc.; cf. Sophocles Lexicon, under the word, 5): Josephus, b. j. 1, 3, 5 τοῦτο ἀφ' ἑξακοσίων σταδίων ἐντεῦθεν ἐστιν, Plutarch, Aem. Paul c. 18, 5 ὥστε τούς πρώτους νεκρούς ἀπό δυοιν σταδίων καταπέσειν, vit. Oth c. 11, 1 κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀπό πεντήκοντα σταδίων, vit. Philop c. 4, 3 ἦν γάρ ἀγρός αὐτῷ ἀπό σταδίων εἴκοσι τῆς πόλεως); cf. Winers Grammar, 557f (518f); (Buttmann, 153 (133)).

b. of distance of Time — of the temporal terminus from which (Latininde a): ἀπό τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης, Matthew 9:22; Matthew 17:18; John 19:27; ἀπ' ἐκ τῆς ἡμέρας, Matthew 22:46; John 11:53; (ἀπό πρώτης ἡμέρας) Acts 20:18; Philippians 1:5 (L T Tr WH τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας); ἀφ' ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων, Acts 15:7; ἀπ' ἐτῶν, Luke 8:43; Romans 15:23; ἀπ' αἰῶνος and ἀπό τῶν αἰώνων, Luke 1:70, etc.; ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Matthew 19:4, 8, etc.; ἀπό καταβολῆς κόσμου, Matthew 13:35 (L T Tr WH omit κόσμου), etc.; ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου, Romans 1:20; ἀπό βρέφους from a child, 2 Timothy 3:15; ἀπό τῆς παρθενίας, Luke 2:36; ἀφ' ἧς (namely, ἡμέρας) since, Luke 7:45; Acts 24:11; 2 Peter 3:4; ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας, Colossians 1:6, 9; ἀφ' οὗ equivalent to ἀπό τούτου ὅτε (cf. Buttmann, 82 (71); 105 (82)), Luke 13:25; Luke 24:21; Revelation 16:18 (Herodotus 2, 44; and in Attic); ἀφ' οὗ after τρία ἔτη, Luke 13:7 T Tr WH; ἀπό τοῦ νῦν from the present, henceforth, Luke 1:48; Luke 5:10; Luke 12:52; Luke 22:69; Acts 18:6; 2 Corinthians 5:16; ἀπό τότε, Matthew 4:17; Matthew 16:21; Matthew 26:16; Luke 16:16; ἀπό πέρυσι since last year, a year ago, 2 Corinthians 8:10; 2 Corinthians 9:2; ἀπό πρωι<, Acts 28:23; cf. Winers Grammar, 422 (393); (Buttmann, 320 (275)); Lob. ad Phryn., pp. 47, 461.

c. of distance of Order or Rank — of the terminus from which in any succession of things or persons: ἀπό διετοῦς (namely, παιδός) καί κατωτέρω, Matthew 2:16 (τούς Λευίτας ἀπό εἰκοσαετοῦς καί ἐπάνω, Numbers 1:20; 2 Esdr. 3:8); ἀπό Ἀβραάμ ἕως Δαυειδ Matthew 1:17; ἕβδομος ἀπό Ἀδάμ, Jude 1:14; ἀπό μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, Acts 8:10; Hebrews 8:11; ά᾿ρχεσθαι ἀπό τίνος, Matthew 20:8; Luke 23:5; Luke 24:27; John 8:9; Acts 8:35; Acts 10:37.

II. of origin; whether of local origin, the place whence; or of causal origin, the cause from which.

1. of the place whence anything is, comes, befalls, is taken;

a. after verbs of coming; see ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, etc.: ἀπό (L Tr WH ἀπ') ἀγορᾶς namely, ἐλθόντες, Mark 7:4; ἄγγελος ἀπ' (τοῦ) οὐρανοῦ, Luke 22:43 (L brackets WH reject the passage); τόν ἀπ' οὐρανῶν namely, λαλοῦντα, Hebrews 12:25, etc.; of the country, province, town, village, from which anyone has originated or proceeded (cf. Winers Grammar, 364 (342); Buttmann, 324 (279)): Matthew 2:1; Matthew 4:25; John 1:44 (); ; μία ἀπό ὄρους Σινᾶ, Galatians 4:24. Hence, ὁ or οἱ ἀπό τίνος a native of, a man of, some place: ὁ ἀπό Ναζαρέθ the Nazarene, Matthew 21:11; ὁ ἀπό Ἁριμαθαίας, Mark 15:43; John 19:38 (here G L Tr WH omit ὁ); οἱ ἀπό Ἰόππης, Acts 10:23; οἱ ἀπό Ἰταλίας the Italians, Hebrews 13:24 (cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, 6). A great number of examples from secular writings are given by Wieseler, Untersuch. üb.

d. Hebräerbr. 2te Hälfte, p. 14f.

b. of the party or society from which one has proceeded, i. e. a member of the sect or society, a disciple or votary of it: οἱ ἀπό τῆς ἐκκλησίας, Acts 12:1; οἱ ἀπό τῆς αἱρέσεως τῶν Φαρισαίων, Acts 15:5 (as in Greek writings: οἱ ἀπό τῆς στοάς, οἱ ἀπό τῆς Ἀκαδημιας, etc.).

c. of the material from which a thing is made: ἀπό τριχῶν καμήλου, Matthew 3:4 (Winers Grammar, 370 (347); Buttmann, 324 (279)).

d. tropically, of that from or by which a thing is known: ἀπό τῶν καρπῶν ἐπιγινώσκειν, Matthew 7:16, 20 (here Lachmann ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν, etc.) (Lysias in Andocides () § 6; Aeschines adverb Tim., p. 69, Reiske edition); μανθάνειν ἀπό τίνος to learn from the example of anyone, Matthew 11:29; Matthew 24:32; Mark 13:28; but in Galatians 3:2; Colossians 1:7; Hebrews 5:8, μανθάνειν ἀπό τίνος means to learn from one's teaching or training (cf. Buttmann, 324 (279)

c.; Winers Grammar, 372 (348)).

e. after verbs of seeking, inquiring, demanding: ἀπαίτειν, Luke 12:20 (Tr WH αἰτεῖν); ζητεῖν, 1 Thessalonians 2:6 (alternating there with ἐκ (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 50, 2)); ἐκζήτειν, Luke 11:50f; see αἰτέω.

2. of causal origin, or the Cause; and a. of the material cause, so called, or of that which supplies the material for the maintenance of the action expressed by the verb: so those verbs.

b. of the cause on account of which anything is or is done, where commonly it ran be rendered for (Latinprae, German vor): οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀπό τοῦ ὄχλου, Luke 19:3; οὐκέτι ἴσχυσαν ἀπό τοῦ πλήθους, John 21:6 (Judith 2:20); ἀπό τοῦ δόξης τοῦ φωτός, Acts 22:11; (here many would bring in Hebrews 5:7 (Winers Grammar, 371 (348); Buttmann, 322 (276)), see I. 3 d. above).

c. of the moving or impelling cause (Latinex,prae; German aus,vor), for, out of: ἀπό τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει, Matthew 13:44; ἀπό τοῦ φοβοῦ for fear, Matthew 14:26; Matthew 28:4; Luke 21:26. Hebraistically: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπό τίνος (מִן יָרֵא), Matthew 10:28; Luke 12:4; φεύγειν ἀπό τίνος (מִן נוּס), to flee for fear of one, John 10:5; Mark 14:52 (R G, but L Tr marginal reading brackets ἀπ' αὐτῶν); Revelation 9:6; cf. φεύγω and Winers Grammar, 223 (209f).

d. of the efficient cause, viz. of things from the force of which anything proceeds, and of persons from whose will, power, authority, command, favor, order, influence, direction, anything is to be sought; aa. in general: ἀπό τοῦ ὕπνου by force of the sleep, Acts 20:9; ἀπό σου σημεῖον, Matthew 12:38; ἀπό δόξης εἰς δόξαν, 2 Corinthians 3:18 (from the glory which we behold for ourselves (cf. Winer's Grammar, 254 (238)) in a mirror, goes out a glory in which we share, cf. Meyer at the passage); ἀπό κυρίου πνεύματος by the Spirit of the Lord (yet cf. Buttmann, 343 (295)), ibid.; ὄλεθρον ἀπό προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου destruction proceeding from the (incensed, wrathful) countenance of the Lord, 2 Thessalonians 1:9 (on this passage, to be explained after Jeremiah 4:26 the Sept., cf. Ewald); on the other hand, ἀνάψυξις ἀπό προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου, Acts 3:20 (19); ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἀπό (Rec. ὑπό) τῶν πληγῶν, Revelation 9:18. ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, an expression especially common in John, of himself (myself, etc.), from his own disposition or judgment, as distinguished from another's instruction (cf. Winer's Grammar, 372 (348)): Luke 12:57; Luke 21:30; John 5:19, 30; John 11:51; John 14:10; John 16:13; John 18:34 (L Tr WH ἀπό σεαυτοῦ); 2 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 10:7 (T Tr WH ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ (see ἐπί A. I. 1 c.)); of one's own will and motion, as opposed to the command and authority of another: John 7:17f, 28; John 8:42; John 10:18 (Numbers 16:28); by one's own power: John 15:4; by one's power and on one's own judgment: John 8:28; examples from secular authors are given in Kypke, Observ. i., p. 391. (Cf. εὐχήν ἔχοντες ἀφ' (others, ἐφ' see ἐπί A. I. 1 f.) ἑαυτῶν, Acts 21:23 WH text) after verbs of learning, knowing, receiving, ἀπό is used of him to whom we are indebted for what we know, receive, possess (cf. Winers Grammar, 370 (347) n., also De verb. comp. etc. Part ii., p. 7f; Buttmann, 324 (279); Meyer on 1 Corinthians 11:23; per contra Lightfoot on Galatians 1:12): ἀκούειν, Acts 9:13; 1 John 1:5; γινώσκειν, Mark 15:45; λαμβάνειν, Matthew 17:25; 1 John 2:27; 1 John 3:22 L T Tr WH; ἔχειν, 1 John 4:21; 2 Corinthians 2:3, etc.; παραλαμβάνειν, 1 Corinthians 11:23; δέχεσθαι, Acts 28:21; respecting μανθάνειν see above, II. 1 d.; λατρεύω τῷ Θεῷ ἀπό προγόνων after the manner of the λατρεία received from my forefathers (cf. Winers Grammar, 372 (349); Buttmann, 322 (277)), 2 Timothy 1:8. γίνεται μοι, 1 Corinthians 1:30; 1 Corinthians 4:5; χάρις ἀπό Θεοῦ or τοῦ Θεοῦ, from God, the author, bestower, Romans 1:7; 1 Corinthians 1:3; Galatians 1:3, and often; καί τοῦτο ἀπό Θεοῦ, Philippians 1:28. ἀπόστολος ἀπό etc., constituted an apostle by authority and commission, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 418 (390)), Galatians 1:1. after πάσχειν, Matthew 16:21; (akin to this, according to many, is Matthew 27:9 ὅν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπό τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, R. V. marginal reading whom they priced on the part of the sons of Israel; but see in I. 2 above). bb. When ἀπό is used after passives (which is rare in the better Greek authors, cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 222ff; (Buttmann, 325 (280); Winer's Grammar, 371 (347f))), the connection between the cause and the effect is conceived of as looser and more remote than that indicated by ὑπό, and may often be expressed by on the part of (German von Seiten) (A. V. generally of]: ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀποδευειγμενον approved (by miracles) according to God's will and appointment, Acts 2:22; ἀπό Θεοῦ πειράζομαι the cause of my temptation is to be sought in God, James 1:13; ἀπεστερημένος (T Tr WH ἀφυστερημενος) ἀφ' ὑμῶν by your fraud, James 5:4; ἀποδοκιμάζεσθαι, Luke 17:25; (ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπό τῶν τέκνων, Luke 7:35 according to some; see δικαιόω, 2); τόπον ἡτοιμασμένον ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ by the will and direction of God, Revelation 12:6; ὀχλούμενοι ἀπό (Rec. ὑπό, (see ὀχλέω)) πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων, Luke 6:18 (whose annoyance by diseases ((?) cf. Luke 6:17) proceeded from unclean spirits (A. V. vexed (troubled) with, etc.)); ἀπό τῆς σαρκός ἐσπιλωμένον, by touching the flesh, Jude 1:23; (add Luke 1:26 T Tr WH, ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος ἀπό (R G L ὑπό) τοῦ Θεοῦ.) As in secular authors, so also in the N. T. the manuscripts sometimes vary between ἀπό and ὑπό: e. g. in Mark 8:31; (Luke 8:43); Acts 4:36; (); Romans 13:1; (); Revelation 9:18; see Winers Grammar, 370f (347f); Buttmann, 325f (280f); (cf. Vincent and Dickson, Modern Greek, 2nd edition, Appendix, § 41).

III. Phrases having a quasi-adverbial force, and indicating the manner or degree in which anything is done or occurs, are the following: ἀπό τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν, from your hearts, i. e. willingly and sincerely, Matthew 18:35; ἀπό μέρους in part, 2 Corinthians 1:14; 2 Corinthians 2:5; Romans 11:25; Romans 15:24; ἀπό μιᾶς namely, either φωνῆς with one voice, or γνώμης or ψυχῆς with one consent, one mind, Luke 14:18 (cf. Kuinoel at the passage; (Winer's Grammar, 423 (394); 591 (549f); yet see Lob. Paralip., p. 363)).

IV. The extraordinary construction ἀπό ὁ ὤν (for Rec. ἀπό τοῦ ὁ) καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος, Revelation 1:4, finds its explanation in the fact that the writer seems to have used the words ὁ ὤν κτλ. as an indeclinable noun, for the purpose of indicating the meaning of the proper name יהוה; cf. Winers Grammar, § 10, 2 at the end; (Buttmann, 50 (43)).

V. In composition ἀπό indicates separation, liberation, cessation, departure, as in ἀποβάλλω, ἀποκόπτω, ἀποκυλίω, ἀπολύω, ἀπολύτρωσις, ἀπαλγέω, ἀπέρχομαι; finishing and completion, as in ἀπαρτίζω, ἀποτελέω; refers to the pattern from which a copy is taken, as in ἀπογράφειν, ἀφομοιουν, etc.; or to him from whom the action proceeds, as in ἀποδείκνυμι, ἀποτολμάω, etc.

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament

ἀπό

(on the freq. neglect of elision bef, vowels, v. Tdf., Pr., 94, WH, App., 146), prep. c. gen. (WM, 462 ff.; on its relation to ἐκ , παρά , ὑπό , ib. 456 f.),

[in LXX for H8537, בְּ , לְ ;]

from (i.e. from the exterior).

1. Of separation and cessation;

(1) of motion from a place; Matthew 5:29-30; Matthew 7:23, Luke 5:2; Luke 22:41, al.;

(2) in partitive sense (M, Pr., 72, 102, 245; MM, s.v.; EL, § 40, 2), Matthew 9:16; Matthew 27:21, John 21:10, Acts 5:2, al.; also after verbs of eating, etc.;

(3) of alienation (cl. gen. of separation), after such verbs as λούω (Deiss., BS, 227), λύω , σώζω , παύω , etc.; ἀνάθεμα ἀ ., Romans 9:3; ἀποθνήσκειν ἀ ., Colossians 2:20; σαλευθῆναι , 2 Thessalonians 2:2, καθαρός , -ίζειν , ἀ . (Deiss., BS, 196, 216), Acts 20:26, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Hebrews 9:14;

(4) of position, Matthew 23:34; Matthew 24:31, al.; after μακράν , Matthew 8:30; transposed before measures of distance, John 10:18; John 21:8, Revelation 14:20 (Abbott, JG, 227);

(5) of time, ἀπό τ . ὥρας , ἡμέρας , etc., Matthew 9:22, John 19:27, Acts 20:18, Philippians 1:5, al.; ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος , Luke 1:70, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς , etc., Matthew 19:4, Romans 1:20; ἀπό βρέφους , 2 Timothy 3:15; ἀφ᾽ ἧς , since, Luke 7:45, al.; ἀπὸ τ . νῦν , Luke 1:48, al.; ἀπὸ τότε Matthew 4:17, al.; ἀπὸ πέρυσι , a year ago, 2 Corinthians 8:10; 2 Corinthians 9:2; ἀπὸ πρωΐ , Acts 28:23;

(6) of order or rank, ἀπὸ διετοῦς , Matthew 2:16; ἀπὸ Ἀβραάμ , Matthew 1:17; ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδάμ , Judges 1:14; ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου , Acts 8:10, Hebrews 8:11; ἄρχεσθαι ἀπό , Matthew 20:8, John 8:9, Acts 8:35, al.

2. Of origin;

(1) of birth, extraction, and hence, in late writers,

(a) of local extraction (cl. ἐξ ; Abbott, JG, 227 ff.), Matthew 21:11, Mark 15:43, John 1:45, Acts 10:38, al.; οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας (WM, § 66, 6; M, Pr., 237; Westc., Rendall, in l), Hebrews 13:24;

(b) of membership in a community or society (El., § 40, 2), Acts 12:1, al.;

(d) after verbs of asking, seeking, etc., Luke 11:50-51, 1 Thessalonians 2:6 (Milligan, in l);

(2) of the cause, instrument, means or occasion (freq. = ὑπό , παρά , and after verbs of learning, hearing, knowing, etc.; Bl., § 40, 3), Matthew 7:16; Matthew 11:29, Luke 22:45, Acts 2:22; Acts 4:36; Acts 9:13; Acts 12:14, 1 Corinthians 11:23, Galatians 3:2, al.; ἀπὸ τ . ὄχλου , Luke 19:3 (cf. John 21:6, Acts 22:11); ἀπὸ τ . φόβου , Matthew 14:26, al. (cf. Matthew 10:28; Matthew 13:44).

3. Noteworthy Hellenistic phrases: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπὸ (M, Pr., 102, 107); προσέχειν ἀπό (M, Proverbs 11:1-31. c.; Milligan, NTD, 50); ἀπὸ νότου (Heb.מִנֶּגֶב ), Revelation 21:13; ἀπὸ προσώπου (מִפְּנֵי ), 2 Thessalonians 1:9 (B1., § 40, 9); ἀπὸ τ . καρδιῶν (בְּלֵב ), Matthew 18:35; ἀπὸ ὁ ὤν (WM, § 10, 2; M, Proverbs 9:1-18), Revelation 1:4.

4. In composition, ἀπό denotes separation, departure, origin, etc. (ἀπολύω , ἀπέρχομαι , ἀπογράφω ); it also has a perfective force (M, Pr., 112, 247), as in ἀφικνεῖσθαι , ἀπολούεσθαι , q.v.

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.

Vocabulary of the Greek NT

In this and the other prepositions of very wide and general use we have not pretended to any fullness : they would afford abundant material for a fair-sized treatise. We only notice such special uses as we have remarked in our reading, and have therefore passed over most of the common and obvious uses. On ἀπό there are some illustrations in Proleg. which may be recalled with some additions. There is the partitive use (pp. 102, 245), still current in MGr : so P Petr III. 11.20 (B.C. 234) ἀφείσθ [ω ] ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μοι [σ ]ω ̣μάτω ̣ν [ἐλ ]εύθερα Δ. καὶ ᾽Α ib. II. 11 (I).5 (= Selections p. 7) (iii/B.C.) ἀπὸ τούτου τὸ μὲν ἥμυσυ. . . τὸ δὲ λοιπόν κτλ. P Tebt II. 299.13 (c. A.D. 50) ἀπολυσίμ [ο ]υ ἀπὸ ἀνδ [ρῶν πεντή ]κοντα ";one of the 50 exempted persons"; (Edd.), P Iand 8.6 (ii/A.D.) διεπεμψάμην σοι. . ἀ [πὸ τοῦ ο ]ἴνου Κνίδια τρία, etc. To Kuhring’s scanty exx. (p. 37) for ἀπό of agent (cf. Proleg. pp. 102, 246) add Syll 655.8 (A.D. 83) συντετηρημένα ἀπὸ βασιλέων καὶ Σεβαστῶν, P Lond 1173.12 (A.D. 125) (= III. p. 208) ἕως πεισθῇς ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ, P Flor II. 150.6 (A.D. 267) ἀ. τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα, BGU IV. 1185.26 (Augustus or earlier) μηδὲ κατακαλεῖσθαι ἀπὸ μηδεν (ός). It is universal in MGr, but its very limited use in papyri and NT suggests that in the Hellenistic period it had only local currency. Various uses under the general heading of source are collected in Kuhring p. 35 f. : add the remarkable BGU IV. 1079.25 (A.D. 41) (= Selections p. 40) ὡς ἂν πάντες καὶ σὺ βλέπε σατὸν ἀπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ";like everybody else, you too must beware of the Jews."; The familiar NT idiom (Mark 8:15 al) may be translation Greek still, but it is evidently possible enough in vernacular untouched by Semitic influence. Kuhring’s instances cover the categories of cause, authorship, receipt, inheritance, but not instrument : there are numerous exx. of καθαρὸς ἀπό and the like (once regarded as Semitism!). Sometimes the καθαρός is dropped, and ἀπό is practically = ἄνευ : see Kuhring p. 53 f., and add P Lips I. 16.19 (A.D. 138) πα [ρ ]αδ [ώσω σο ]ι σὺν ταῖς ἐφαιστώσαις θ [ύραις ] κ [αὶ ] κλεισὶ καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας : on P Fay 345 the edd. note ";cf. CPR 38.21, BGU I. 39.21, etc., where these phrases occur without καθαρός."; Not that καθαρός is really to be supplied : the privative ἀπό, as Kuhring calls it, is quite naturally developed, Cf. P Tebt II. 420.4 (iii/A.D.) ἀπὸ ζημίας ";blameless."; In P Oxy VIII. 1103.3 (A.D. 360) a certain Eutrygius is called ἀπὸ λογιστῶν ";ex-logistes"; : Prof. Hunt notes ";On the titular use of ex and ἀπό see Mommsen Ephem. Epigr. v. p. 128–9, and cf. e.g. 133.4 ἀπὸ ὑπάτων [A.D. 550], 893.2 ἀπὸ μειζόνων [vi/vii A.D.], P [Lond] 233.5 [= II. p. 273—A.D. 345] ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων, P Flor I. 71 passim [iv/A.D.]."; On its relations with ἐκ, παρά and ὑπό see Proleg. p. 237 : add Preisigke 997 and 998, two προσκυνήματα from the same place, dated respectively A.D. 4 and A.D. 16–7, with ὑπὸ χειμῶνος ἐλασθείς in the first and ἀπὸ χιμῶνος ἐλασθείς in the other. We may further note the idiomatic use of ἀπό in Mark 7:4 ἀπ᾽ ἀγορᾶς, 15.21 ἀπ᾽ ἀγροῦ, ";fresh from market,"; ";from field-work,"; which is well illustrated by such phraseology as that in Syll 567 (ii/A.D.), a tariff prescribing the number of days of ceremonial impurity following certain acts, described as τὰ ἐκτός : thus ἀπὸ τυροῦ ἡμέ (ρας) α ̄, ἀπὸ φθορείων ἡμε (ρῶν) μ ̄, ἀπὸ κήδους [οἰκ ]είου ἡμε (ρῶν) μ ̄, ἀπὸ συνουσίας νομίμου they may enter the shrine the same day after washing and anointing. Cf. Deissmann BS p. 227. Among phrases with ἀπό we may note one in P Ryl II. 157.21 (A.D. 135) εἰ χρεία γείνοιτο [ποτίσαι ἐ ]ν ̣ ἀναβάσει [q.v.] ἀπὸ ποδὸς τὴν αὐτὴν νοτίνην μερίδα, ";if need arises at the inundation to water the same southern portion by foot."; It seems clear that this refers to the same method of irrigation which appears in Deuteronomy 11:10 (LXX ὅταν σπείρωσιν τὸν σπόρον καὶ ποτίζωσιν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ κῆπον λαχανίας) : see Driver in loc. The editors in their note cite a papyrus with ἀπὸ ποδὸς ποτισ [μ ]οῦ. In ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός (BGU I. 220, 221, III. 756) the sense is different, perhaps ";from the bank"; (lit. ";on foot";). In P Rein 18.41 (B.C. 108) we note μέχρι [ἂν ἀπὸ ] τοῦ σπόρου γένηται ";until he has finished his sowing."; For ἀπό denoting matter or material, as Matthew 3:4, cf. Priene 117.72 (i/B.C.) στεφανῶσα [ι. . . στεφ ]άνῳ χρυσέωι ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ. The phrase ἀπὸ μέρους may be provisionally illustrated by P Ryl II. 133.17 (A.D. 33) αὐθάδως κατέσπασεν ἀπὸ μέρους ";ventured to pull it partly down"; : see further under μέρος. On ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνο ̣ς we gave some parallels under αἰών : add Preisigke 176.4 (A.D. 161–80) πρώτου τῶν ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος. Ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν is illustrated by Deissmann BS p. 253, and ἀπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου ib. 93 : add P Tebt I. 5.89 (B.C. 118), II. 282.8 (late ii/B.C.), P Fay 12.6 (B.C. 103), See further Proleg. p. 9 for Revelation 1:4, on which more may be said under εἰμί. Rossberg’s dissertation systematically illustrates papyrus usages of ἀπό, as far as its date (1908) allows : it ought perhaps to be observed that the extracts are not always correctly transcribed. There is an elaborate dissertation on later uses of ἀπό in composition by K. Dieterich in Ind. Forsch. xxiv. pp. 87–158, on which cf. Fränkel, Wochenschr. f. klass. Philol., 1909, p. 369 ff.

[Supplemental from 1930 edition]

For ἀπό, as in Hebrews 13:24, cf. P Meyer p. 12, n.2.

List of Word Forms

ΑΠ ΑΠ' ἀπ' απ΄ ΑΠΟ από ἀπό ἀπὸ αφ αφ' ἀφ' εκ εξ επ' εφ' ἐφ' και ὑπὸ AP AP' aph aph' APO apó apò eph eph' hypo hypò upo