Lectionary Calendar

Thursday, April 18th, 2024
the Third Week after Easter

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #2778 - חָרַף

Transliteration

châraph

Phonetics

khaw-raf'

Root Word (Etymology)

a primitive root

Parts of Speech

Verb

TWOT

749,750,751

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs'

1) to reproach, taunt, blaspheme, defy, jeopardise, rail, upbraid

1a) (Qal) to reproach

1b) (Piel) to reproach, defy, taunt

2) (Qal) to winter, spend harvest time, remain in harvest time

3) (Niphal) to acquire, be betrothed

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 824 ‑ ἄτοπος (at'‑op‑os); 2240 ‑ ἥκω (hay'‑ko); 1314 ‑ διαφυλάσσω (dee‑af‑oo‑las'‑so); 3681 ‑ ὄνειδος (on'‑i‑dos); 3947 ‑ παροξύνω (par‑ox‑oo'‑no); 3679 ‑ ὀνειδίζω (on‑i‑did'‑zo);

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

KJV (41)

Leviticus 1

Judges 2

1 Samuel 5

2 Samuel 2

2 Kings 4

1 Chronicles 1

2 Chronicles 1

Nehemiah 1

Job 1

Psalms 12

Proverbs 3

Isaiah 6

Zephaniah 2

HCS (0)

HCS (41)

Leviticus 1

Judges 2

1 Samuel 5

2 Samuel 2

2 Kings 4

1 Chronicles 1

2 Chronicles 1

Nehemiah 1

Job 1

Psalms 12

Proverbs 3

Isaiah 6

Zephaniah 2

BSB (41)

Leviticus 1

Judges 2

1 Samuel 5

2 Samuel 2

2 Kings 4

1 Chronicles 1

2 Chronicles 1

Nehemiah 1

Job 1

Psalms 12

Proverbs 3

Isaiah 6

Zephaniah 2

ESV (39)

Leviticus 1

Judges 2

1 Samuel 5

2 Samuel 2

2 Kings 4

1 Chronicles 1

2 Chronicles 1

Nehemiah 1

Job 1

Psalms 11

Proverbs 3

Isaiah 5

Zephaniah 2

WEB (41)

Leviticus 1

Judges 2

1 Samuel 5

2 Samuel 2

2 Kings 4

1 Chronicles 1

2 Chronicles 1

Nehemiah 1

Job 1

Psalms 12

Proverbs 3

Isaiah 6

Zephaniah 2

KJV (41)

betrothed 1

blasphemed 1

defied 5

defy 3

jeoparded 1

rail 1

reproach 10

reproached 12

reproacheth 5

upbraid 1

winter 1

HCS (0)

HCS (41)

you have defied 1

You have mocked 2

You taunted 1

accuse 1

anyone who taunts 1

challenging 1

defied 1

defy 2

designated 1

has mocked 1

have ridiculed 1

have taunted 1

he has defied 1

he should defy 1

he taunted 2

insults 1

is it you have mocked 1

is it you mocked 1

mock 6

of the scorner 1

of those who insult 1

person insults 1

reproached 1

risking 1

taunt 2

the one who taunts 1

the winter 1

they could discredit 1

they have hurled at 1

they have ridiculed 1

they have taunted 1

who insults 1

BSB (41)

He rebukes 1

accuse me 1

and scorned Me 1

and when he taunted 2

defy 1

discredit me 1

has mocked You 1

have taunted 2

have you taunted 2

he has defied 1

he should defy 1

him who taunts 1

him who taunts me 1

in winter 1

insults 1

mocking 1

of the scorner 1

of those who insult You 1

promised 1

taunt You 1

taunt me 2

taunting 1

taunts 1

they have mocked 1

they hurled at You 1

to defy 5

to taunt 1

who insults me 1

who risked 1

you have defied 1

you have taunted 2

you taunted 1

ESV (39)

assigned 1

cast contempt 1

defied 3

defy 3

insulted 1

insults 2

mock 6

mocked 4

reproach 2

reproaches 1

risked 1

scoff 1

scoffs 1

shame 1

taunt 3

taunted 6

taunter 1

taunts 1

WEB (41)

* 3

I defy 1

When he defied 2

Whom have you defied 2

and blasphemed 1

because they have reproached 1

concerning whom you taunted 1

for him who reproaches 1

has mocked 1

have mocked 1

have you defied 1

insulting 1

my tormentor 1

of one who reproaches 1

of those who reproach 1

reproach 3

reproaches 1

shall not reproach 1

shows contempt 1

that he should defy 1

that jeopardized 1

that they might reproach me 1

to defy 5

when they defied 1

who insulted 1

whom you have defied 1

will winter on them 1

with which they have mocked 1

with which they have reproached 2

you have defied 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

2208) p r h (ההרפ HhRP) AC: Pierce CO: Winter AB: ?: The piercing cold of winter. [from: lh- piercing]

V) p r h (ההרפ HhRP) - I. Taunt:To pierce another with sharp words of reproach, scorn or taunting (see Psalm 42:10) . II. Betrothal:A nose ring is put in the piercing of the nose as a sign of betrothal (see Genesis 24:47) . KJV (41): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Piel) reproach, defy, betroth, blaspheme, jeopardise - Strongs: H2778 (חָרַף)

N^f1) e p r h (ההרפה HhRPH) - Piercing: A scorn, taunting or reproach as a piercing. KJV (73): reproach, shame, rebuke, reproachfully - Strongs: H2781 (חֶרְפָּה)

g^m) p r f h (ההורפ HhWRP) - Winter: The time of the piercing cold. KJV (7): winter, youth, cold - Strongs: H2779 (חֹרֶף)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

I. [חָרַף] verb reproach (Late Hebrew Pi`el id.; Aramaic חֲרַף id.,

sharpen,

sharp, keen, acute); —

Qal Imperfect לֹאיֶֿחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Job 27:6; Participle suffix חֹרְפִי Psalm 119:42; Proverbs 27:11; חוֺרְפֶיךָ Psalm 69:10.

Piel. Perfect חֵרֵף Judges 5:18 6t.; חֵרַפְתָּ Isaiah 37:23 4t. etc. + 10t. perfect; Imperfect יְחָרֵף 2 Samuel 21:21; 1 Chronicles 20:7; יְחָ֫רֶף Psalm 74:10 2t. suffix; Infinitive לְחָרֵף Isaiah 37:4 5t.; בְּחָֽרְפָם 2 Samuel 23:9 (but see below); Participle מְחָרֵף Psalm 44:17; — reproach, — properly say sharp things against, — taunt, with accusative Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 17:10,25,26,36,45; 2 Samuel 21:21 1 Chronicles 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Isaiah 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel 2 Kings 19:4,16,22,23 = Isaiah 37:4; Isaiah 37:17; Isaiah 37:23; Isaiah 37:24 2 Chronicles 32:17 (with לְ); with בְּ, Philistines 2 Samuel 23:9 ᵑ0 (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, proper name, of a location, as 1 Chronicles 11:12 We Dr); reproach, Nehemiah 6:13 + Nehemiah 42:11; Nehemiah 44:17; Nehemiah 55:13; Nehemiah 57:4; Nehemiah 74:10; Nehemiah 74:18; Nehemiah 79:12; Nehemiah 89:52 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 102:9; Zephaniah 2:8,10; in poetry and figurative, despise, scorn, נפשׁ למוּת׳ח Judges 5:18.

III. [חָרַף] verb denominative remain in harvest-time (so Arabic ; English to winter) — only

Qal Imperfect 3 feminine singular כָּלבֶּֿהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Isaiah 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

IV. [חָרַף] verb acquire (compare Arabic turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one's family) — only

Niph`al Participle f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (namely as his concubine) Leviticus 19:26 (H; compare Late Hebrew חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

חָרַף fut יֶחֱרַף (Job 27:6).

(1) to gather, to pluck off. (Arab. خرف. With this accord the Lat. carpo, and (with a prefixed sibilant) German fcarp, fcharf. The primary syllable רף has also in other roots the signification of plucking (rapiendi), as גָּרַף, זָרַף, טָרַף, see רָפָא ). Hence חֹרֶף, خريف the time when fruits are plucked, autumn, and from this

(2) denom. to pass the autumn (and winter), to winter, χειμάζω. Isaiah 18:6, וְבָל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרַף “and all the beasts of the field shall winter upon it,” as rightly rendered by Chald., Jerome, Luth. Opp. to קוּץ to pass the summer (from קַיִץ). The Arabic verb خرف has also many significations derived from خريف and denominative of it.

(3) figuratively, to carp at, to scorn, to reproach. Psalms 69:10, 119:42 Proverbs 27:11; Job 27:6, לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָמַי “my heart (my conscience) shall not reproach me as to any day of my life;” i.e. I do not repent of any day.

Piel חֵרֵף

(1) i.e. Kal No. 3, to reproach, to scorn, 1 Samuel 17:26, 36 1 Samuel 17:36; 2 Kings 19:23; Psalms 42:11, 102:9, etc.; followed by לְ 2 Chronicles 32:17 בְּ 2 Samuel 23:9. חֶרֶף חֶרְפָּה Psalms 79:12, 89:52.

(2) followed by נֶפֶשׁ to scorn life, to count one’s life as of little worth, i.e. to expose one’s life to very great danger, especially in battle, παραβάλλεσθαι. Judges 5:18, זְבֻלוֹן עַס חֵרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת “Zebulun, the people despised their life (and cast it away) unto death.” The Arabs make a similar use of the verbs اهان, بذل, عرض see my Comment on Isaiah 53:12. [It is not to be thought that Isaiah 53:12, speaks of merely exposing one’s life to danger; it speaks of Him who laid down his life that he might take it again.]

Niphal, pass. of Piel No. 2, to be betrothed, speaking of a woman; prop. abandoned, i.e. given up, or delivered to a husband. Levit. 19:20, “a maidservant נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ who is betrothed to a husband.” So in the Talmud חֲרוּפָה is i.q. אֲרוּסָה espoused. There is a similar use made of the Arabic verbs بذل, رخص properly to esteem lightly, and then to deliver a wife to a husband; see Schultensii Opp. Min., p. 145, seq.

The derived nouns follow, with the exception of חָרִיף.

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List of Word Forms

בְּחָֽרְפָ֤ם בחרפם וַיְחָרֵ֖ף ויחרף ח֝וֹרְפֶ֗יךָ חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ חֵֽרְפוּ֙ חֵרְפ֑וּנִי חֵרְפ֖וּ חֵרְפ֣וּךָ חֵרְפ֣וּנִי חֵרְפ֥וּנִי חֵרֵ֔ף חֵרֵ֣ף חֵרֵ֣ף ׀ חֵרֵ֥ף חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ חֵרַ֛פְתִּי חֵרַ֣פְתָּ ׀ חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃ חֵרַפְתֶּ֨ם חֹרְפִ֣י חורפיך חרף חרפו חרפוך חרפוני חרפי חרפת חרפת׃ חרפתי חרפתם יְחָ֣רֶף יְחָֽרְפֵ֗נִי יְחָֽרְפֽוּנִי׃ יֶחֱרַ֥ף יחרף יחרפוני׃ יחרפני לְחָרֵ֕ף לְחָרֵ֖ף לְחָרֵ֥ף לְחָרֵף֙ לחרף מְחָרֵ֣ף מחרף נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת נחרפת תֶּחֱרָֽף׃ תחרף׃ bə·ḥā·rə·p̄ām bechareFam bəḥārəp̄ām cheRafta cherafTem cheRafti cheRef chereFu chereFucha chereFuni choreFi chorFeicha ḥê·rap̄·tā ḥê·rap̄·tem ḥê·rap̄·tî ḥê·rə·p̄ū ḥê·rə·p̄ū·ḵā ḥê·rə·p̄ū·nî ḥê·rêp̄ ḥêrap̄tā ḥêrap̄tem ḥêrap̄tî ḥêrêp̄ ḥêrəp̄ū ḥêrəp̄ūḵā ḥêrəp̄ūnî ḥō·rə·p̄î ḥō·wr·p̄e·ḵā ḥōrəp̄î ḥōwrp̄eḵā lə·ḥā·rêp̄ lechaRef ləḥārêp̄ mə·ḥā·rêp̄ mechaRef məḥārêp̄ ne·ḥĕ·re·p̄eṯ necheRefet neḥĕrep̄eṯ te·ḥĕ·rāp̄ techeRaf teḥĕrāp̄ vaychaRef way·ḥā·rêp̄ wayḥārêp̄ yə·ḥā·rə·p̄ê·nî yə·ḥā·rə·p̄ū·nî yə·ḥā·rep̄ ye·ḥĕ·rap̄ yeCharef yechareFeni yeChareFuni yecheRaf yəḥārep̄ yəḥārəp̄ênî yəḥārəp̄ūnî yeḥĕrap̄