Born November 1774 in Doun, Monteath, Edinburgh, Scotland; died April 28, 1842, in North Hallow, Worcestershire. Scottish anatomist, surgeon, and physiologist. Made invaluable discoveries in the physiology of the nervous system; e.g., he discovered the differences, and their causes, between sensory, motor, and sensory-motor nerves, pointed out the division of parts that might be made of the brain and spinal cord, and showed that the specialized function of each part is transmitted to the nerves springing from it.