Bible Encyclopedias
Abyss, the

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a -bis ´, (ἡ ἄβυσσος , hē ábussos ): In classical Greek the word is always an adjective, and is used (1) literally, "very deep," "bottomless"; (2) figuratively, "unfathomable," "boundless." "Abyss" does not occur in the King James Version but the Revised Version (British and American) so transliterates ἄβυσσος , ábussos in each case. The King James Version renders the Greek by "the deep" in two passages (Luke 8:31; Romans 10:7 ). In Revelation the King James Version renders by "the bottomless pit" (Revelation 9:1 , Revelation 9:2 , Revelation 9:11; Revelation 11:7; Revelation 17:8; Revelation 20:1 , Revelation 20:3 ). In the Septuagint abussos is the rendering of the Hebrew word תּהום , tehō̄m ̌ . According to primitive Semitic cosmogony the earth was supposed to rest on a vast body of water which was the source of all springs of water and rivers (Genesis 1:2; Deuteronomy 8:7; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 136:6 ). This subterranean ocean is sometimes described as "the water under the earth" (Exodus 20:4; Deuteronomy 5:8 ). According to Job 41:32 tehō̄m is the home of the leviathan in which he plows his hoary path of foam. The Septuagint never uses abussos as a rendering of שׁאול , she'ōl (= Sheol = Hades) and probably tehōm never meant the "abode of the dead" which was the ordinary meaning of Sheol . In Psalm 71:20 tehōm is used figuratively, and denotes "many and sore troubles" through which the psalmist has passed (compare Jonah 2:5 ). But in the New Testament the word abussos means the "abode of demons." In Luke 8:31 the King James Version renders "into the deep" (Weymouth and The Twentieth Century New Testament = "into the bottomless pit"). The demons do not wish to be sent to their place of punishment before their destined time. Mark simply says "out of the country" ( Mark 5:10 ). In Romans 10:7 the word is equivalent to Hades , the abode of the dead. In Revelation (where the King James Version renders invariably "the bottomless pit") abussos denotes the abode of evil spirits, but not the place of final punishment; it is therefore to be distinguished from the "lake of fire and brimstone" where the beast and the false prophet are, and into which the Devil is to be finally cast (Revelation 19:20; Revelation 20:10 ). See also ASTRONOMY , III, 7.