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Ghost
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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gōst ( נפשׁ , nephesh ; πνεῦμα , pneúma ) : "Ghost," the middle-English word for "breath," "spirit," appears in the King James Version as the translation of nephesh ("breath," "the breath of life," animal soul or spirit, the vital principle, hence, "life"), in two places of the Old Testament, namely, Job 11:20 , "the giving up of the ghost" (so the Revised Version (British and American)), and Jeremiah 15:9 , "She hath given up the ghost"; gawa‛ , "to gasp out," "expire" (die), is also several times so translated (Genesis 25:8 , Genesis 25:17; Genesis 35:29; Genesis 49:33; Job 3:11; Job 10:18; Job 13:19; Job 14:10; Lamentations 1:19 ). In Apocrypha (Tobit 14:11) psuchḗ is translated in the same way as nephesh in the Old Testament, and in 2 Macc 3:31, en eschátē pnoḗ is rendered "give up the ghost," the Revised Version (British and American) "quite at the last gasp."
In the New Testament "to give up the ghost" is the translation of ekpnéō , "to breathe out" ( Mark 15:37 , Mark 15:39; Luke 23:46; so the Revised Version (British and American)); of ekpsúchō , "to breathe out," "expire" (Acts 5:5 , Acts 5:10; Acts 12:23 ); in Matthew 27:50 , aphḗken tō̇ pneúma , and in John 19:30 , parédōken tō̇ pneúma , are rendered respectively, "yielded" and "gave up the ghost," the Revised Version (British and American) "yielded up his spirit," "gave up his spirit."
"The Holy Ghost" is also frequent in the King James Version; in the American Standard Revised Version it is invariably changed to "Holy Spirit," in the English Revised Version sometimes only, chiefly in the Gospels. See HOLY SPIRIT; SPIRIT .
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Bibliography Information
Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. Entry for 'Ghost'. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/isb/g/ghost.html. 1915.
