Bible Encyclopedias
Biren, Duke of Courland
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
Son of a peasant, favourite of the Russian Empress Anne; held the reins of government even after her death; ruled with great cruelty; was banished to Siberia, but recalled, and had his honours restored to him, which in six years after he relinquished in favour of his eldest son (1687-1772).
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Public Domain.
Bibliography Information
Wood, James, ed. Entry for 'Biren, Duke of Courland'. The Nuttall Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/nut/b/biren-duke-of-courland.html. Frederick Warne & Co Ltd. London. 1900.