The name of eight Popes:
ope from 223 to 230;
ope from 1088 to 1099, warm promoter of the first Crusade;
ope from 1185 to 1187;
ope from 1261 to 1264;
ope from 1362 to 1370, man of an ascetic temper;
ope from 1378 to 1389, in his reign the schism in the papacy began which lasted 40 years;
ope in 1590; and
ope from 1623 to 1644, founded the College de Propaganda Fide.