German authoress; born at Gleiwitz, Silesia, April 2, 1850; daughter of Max Hirschfeld. She received her education at home and in Breslau and Vienna. In 1880 she took up her residence in Berlin, where she still lives (1905). In 1876 her first production, "Der Vampyr," appeared at the Lobetheater in Breslau, and was well received; in 1878 this was followed by "Der Herr Kollege," staged at the Nationaltheater in Berlin, but meeting with scant success. She thereupon gave up writing for the stage, and devoted her literary activity to stories and novels,among which may be mentioned: "Das Waldgeheimniss," Bremen, 1879; "Das Wunderkind," Berlin, 1884; "Frau Ottilie" and "Bettlers Heim," ib. 1886; "Weltliche Beichte," ib. 1887; "Der Kampf ums Glück," ib. 1888; "Rechtsanwalt Arnau," ib. 1891; "Der Kompagnon," ib. 1895; "Adelig," ib. 1896; "Gestern und Heute," ib. 1897; "Margarethe Eilert," ib. 1898; "Die Lene," ib. 1902; "Die Einsiedlerin"; "Die Geschichte Zweier Sabbathnachmittage" (appeared in English translation in "The New Era Illustrated Magazine," New York, Nov. and Dec., 1904); "Beim Patriarchen"; "Die Toten"; "Können Damen Allein Reisen?"; and "Die Frühlingsgnade."