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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4229 - πρᾶγμα
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- that which has been done, a deed, an accomplished fact
- what is done or being accomplished
- spec. business, a commercial transaction
- a matter, question, affair
- spec. in a forensic sense, a matter at law, case, suit
- that which is or exists, a thing
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό,
Ion. πρῆχμα Schwyzer 688 B 16, C 5 (Chios, v B. C. ), GDI 5598.4 ( Ephesus ); also πρῆγμα Hdt. 5.33, al., but Hdt. perh. wrote πρῆχμα, which is v. l. in 1.133 ap. Ath. 4.144a (cod. A), and in 3.49, 57 ( POxy. 1619.326, 379 ); cf. πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου imitated from Hdt. in Epigr.Gr. 1092 ( Erechtheum ): ( πράσσω ): —
deed, act, the concrete of πρᾶξις, but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, Thgn. 116, al.; opp. λόγοι, D. 2.12, etc.; πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν Pi. O. 7.46; γυναίου π. ἐποίει did the act of a woman, D. 25.57, cf. 18.24, etc. II occurrence, matter, affair, πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος Pi. O. 13.75, cf. P. 4.278; τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε A. Eu. 575, cf. 584; π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι Hdt. 5.33, cf. 9.92, Th. 2.64; ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. Hdt. 1.206; τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; S. Aj. 747 codd.; τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη D. 21.111; ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ., Id. 4.9, cf. 8.7 .
2. thing, concrete reality, ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; Epich. 171.1; opp. ὄνομα, Pl. Cra. 391b, 436a, And. 4.27; δύο π . . . τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών Pl. Cra. 432b; ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν c. inf., Ar. Pl. 1; οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη . . τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον Arist. de An. 432a3, cf. Mete. 379a32, Ph. 226b30, 227b28; διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu. 2.1109d, cf. 1112d; ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. Porph. Sent. 21: pl., τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα Philol. 6, cf. Democr. 164, Arist. Xen. 974a25, Pol. 1252a24; τὰ μετέωρα π. Ar. Nu. 228, cf. 250, 741; opp. ὀνόματα, Pl. Cra. 39o e, D. 9.15 . contemptuously, thing, creature, κακῷ πράγματι wretched creature, viz. the sophist, Pl. Prt. 312c; τούτῳ τῷ π., viz. the demos, Id. Grg. 520b; ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. D. 19.136; ἄμαχον π., of a woman, X. Cyr. 6.1.36 .
3. like cross πρᾶξις 1.2, ὄφελος 1, in Hdt., πρῆγμά ἐστι or ἐστί μοι, c. inf., it is advantageous for me, εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν 1.79, cf. 4.11: with a neg., εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι Id. 7.12: also c. acc. et inf., οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι there will be no advantage or need, Id. 1.207; π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον the only thing needful, Id. 7.130 .
4. thing of consequence or importance, π. ποιήσασθαι [τι ] ib. 150; π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο Id. 6.63; οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες no matter, S., Pl. Grg. 447b, cf. E. Med. 451; ὡς . . οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι Pl. Euthphr. 4d; δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη that there was something the matter, X. An. 4.1.17 . π. ἐστί μοι it concerns me, σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π. they had nothing to do with the A., Hdt. 5.84, cf. D. 18.283; ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι no admittance except on business, Sammelb. 6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου who were not concerned in the war, Plu. Pomp. 65; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.; what is your pursuit or business, what are you about? Pl. Revelation 20:1-15 c, cf. Alc. 1.104d. μέγα π. a man of consequence, D. 35.15; τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει Men. Sam. 175; ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, Hdt. 3.132; π. μέγα φρέατος a fine large tank, Alex. 179 .
5. used of a battle, action, affair, ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον X. HG 7.1.17 .
6. τὸ π. the love- affair of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, Aeschin. 1.132 .
7. fact, opp. λόγος, ὄνομα, Arist. Top. 146a3, SE 175a8; πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν Id. Ph. 263a17: pl., οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον E. Hec. 1188 .
8. matter in hand, question, Hp. Acut. 39; πρὸς τὸ π. Pl. Men. 87a, Arist. APr. 70a32, D. 54.26; διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. Arist. Pol. 1299b18; ἔξω τοῦ π., v. cross ἔξω 1.2b . III in pl., πράγματα, 1 circumstances, affairs, τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. Hdt. 1.207; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. Th. 3.82, cf. 1.89; τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ by circumstances, not by acts, E. Hel. 286; ἐν τοιούτοις π. X. Mem. 2.7.2, An. 2.1.16, etc.; δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι D. 1.3, cf. X. HG 3.5.1; τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία Chaerem. 2; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π. fail to prosper, X. Mem. 4.2.28; the condition of a patient, τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. Hp. Prog. 1 (also in sg., ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν Id. Acut. 35; so also poet., ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; S. Tr. 375, cf. Aj. 314 ).
2. state-affairs, τὰ πολιτικὰ π. Pl. Ap. 31d; ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π. the fortunes of the state, Ar. Lys. 32; a state or empire, τὰ Περσικὰ π. the Persian power, Hdt. 3.137; τὰ Περσέων π. Id. 7.50, etc.; διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. A. Pers. 714; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο Th. 1.74; μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα D. 4.8, cf. 44, etc.; παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. Id. 1.3; of government, καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. Hdt. 6.39, cf. Th. 3.30 ( Pass. ); ἔχειν τὰ π. ib. 62, 72, cf. Hdt. 6.83; κατέχειν τὰ π. Th. 4.2; ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. Hdt. 3.80; οἱ ἐν τοῖς π. those who are in power or office, Th. 3.28, D. 9.56, Arist. Pol. 1307b10; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες D. 9.2; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. Id. 18.247, cf. Plb. 3.69.4, LXX 1 Maccabees 3:32; ἐν τυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu. 2.150c; τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως, = Lat. triumvir reipublicae constituendae, Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.); κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. X. HG 2.3.17; νεώτερα π. innovations, Lys. 13.6, Isoc. 7.59, etc., cf. Hdt. 5.19; but εὐνούστατος τοῖς π. a friend to things as they are, Lys. 12.65 .
3. fortunes, cause, circumstances, Hdt. 7.236, 237; κοινὰ π. E. IT 1062; τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου Id. Hel. 260; ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. X. Smp. 1.15, cf. E. Alc. 280: τὰ π. alone, one's all, one's fortunes, ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. Ar. Ach. 474; = cross κτήματα, Hp. ( Lex 5 ?) ap. Erot.: in sg., φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. Pl. Hp.Ma. 286e, cf. Cri. 53d, Ap. 42a .
4. business, esp. lawbusiness, πρός τινα Antipho 6.12, Th. 1.128; οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας Lys. 12.3; δικῶν γὰρ οὐ δέομ' οὐδὲ πραγμάτων Ar. V. 1426; πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς Id. Nu. 471: metaph. in sg., πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν to have a bad case, Arist. Rh. 1415b22 .
5. in bad sense, trouble, annoyance, ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. Ar. Ach. 310; πρήγματα ἔχειν, c. part., to have trouble about a thing, Hdt. 7.147, cf. Pl. Tht. 174b, etc.; π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ X. Cyr. 1.3.4, etc.; π. λαμβάνειν Id. Lac. 2.9; π. παρέχειν τινί to cause one trouble, Hdt. 1.155, Ar. Pl. 20, al.: c. inf., cause one the trouble of doing, Pl. Phd. 115a, X. Cyr. 4.5.46, Ar. V. 313; πραγμάτων . . ἀπαλλαγείς Id. Ach. 269 (lyr.), cf. Pl. Ap. 41d, R. 406e; ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι, D. 1.20, X. An. 6.3.6: less freq.in sg., μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν Hdt. 7.239 .
πρᾶγμα, πράγματος, τό (πράσσω), from (Pindar), Aeschylus, Herodotus down, the Sept. chiefly for דָּבָר a. that which has been done, a deed, an accomplished fact: Luke 1:1; Acts 5:4; 2 Corinthians 7:11; Hebrews 6:18.
b. what is doing or being accomplished: James 3:16; specifically, business (commercial transaction), 1 Thessalonians 4:6 (so Winers Grammar, 115 (109); others refer this example to c. and render in the matter (spoken of, or conventionally understood; cf. Green, Gram., p. 26f)).
c. a matter (in question), affair: Matthew 18:19; Romans 16:2; specifically, in a forensic sense, a matter at law, case, suit (Xenophon, mem. 2, 9, 1; Demosthenes, 1120, 26; Josephus, Antiquities 14, 10, 17): πρᾶγμα ἔχειν πρός τινα (A. V. having a matter against, etc.), 1 Corinthians 6:1.
d. that which is or exists, a thing: Hebrews 10:1; πράγματα οὐ βλεπόμενα, Hebrews 11:1 (see ἐλπίζω).*,
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πρᾶγμα , -τος , τύ
(< πράσσω ),
[in LXX chiefly for H1697;]
1. that which has been done, a deed, act: Luke 1:1, Acts 5:4, 2 Corinthians 7:11, Hebrews 6:18.
2. That which is being done (like Lat. res), hence, a thing, matter, affair: Matthew 18:19, Romans 16:2, 1 Thessalonians 4:6 (v. M, Th., in l), Hebrews 10:1; Hebrews 11:1, James 3:16; in forensic sense (as freq. in Papyri, v. Deiss., BS, 233), a law-suit: 1 Corinthians 6:1.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";expectation"; : P Tebt I. 24.41 (B.C. 117) οὐκ ὀλίγω [ν ] ἐν προσδοκίαι ὄντων, ";there was a general expectation"; (Edd.). A report from the Jewish War in the time of Trajan, Chrest. I. 16.1, begins with the statement that the last hope against the unholy Jews lay in the rising of the villagers—μία ἦν ἐλπὶς καὶ λοιπὴ προσδοκία ἡ τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ νομοῦ ἡμῶν ἀθρώων κωμ [η ]τῶν [πρὸ ]ς τοὺς ἀνοσίους Ἰο [υδαί ]ους [. .]. μη. The same document shows the adj. προσδόκιμος. In a deed of divorce, P Flor I. 93.13 (A.D. 569), the couple announce that παρὰ προσδοκίαν, ";contrary to expectation,"; their married life had suffered ἐκ σκαιοῦ πονηροῦ δαίμονος, ";at the hands of a mischievous evil demon."; In Preisigke 2011 Προσδοκία occurs as a proper name.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
