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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2579 - κἄν
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- and if
- also or even if
- of only, at least
- even if
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
κἄν
(not κᾄν), by crasis,
I
I for καὶ ἄν.., v.l. in Hes. Op. 357, freq. in Att.: not often when καί is simply copul., Pl. Phd. 79a, Grg. 514d; but freq. when καί is intens., ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη even a great thing, Hes. l.c.; κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ S. OT 615, cf. 591, Aj. 45, Ar. Nu. 1130, Th. 7.61, etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ.., εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν.., βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Pl. Prt. 318b, cf. R. 515e; freq. in the phrase κ. εἰ, where καί properly belongs to εἰ, even if, and ἄν to the Verb that follows in apodosi, νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν (for καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν) D. 21.51: hence,
2. even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ [ αἱ ἀρεταί ].. εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι Pl. Men. 72c; κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ Id. R. 473a, 579d, cf. 408b, Phd. 71b, Sph. 247e, Arist. Top. 136a31, al.
3. in later Gr. without εἰ, simply as a stronger form of καί, even, εἴσελθε κ. νῦν Men. 342; κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα Theoc. 23.41, cf. 35 (v.l.) (and so with εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς v.l. in X. HG 1.7.19; εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο S.E. P. 2.195, cf. Ph. 2.29); ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων Mark 5:28; κ. νῦν now at any rate, POxy. 2151.7 (iii A.D.); κἂν ὧς even so, nevertheless, ib.123.7 (iii/iv A.D.); οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε Luc. Tim. 20 codd., cf. DDeor. 5.2, etc.
II
1. for καὶ ἄν (ἐάν), even if, with the same moods as ἐάν, S. Aj. 15, Pl. Prt. 319c, etc.: freq. used ellipt., ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ. (sc. πέσῃ) ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ S. Aj. 1078, cf. Ar. V. 92, Ach. 1021, and so prob. in S. El. 1483: later folld. by ind., κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν A.D. Synt. 70.22.
2. κἄν.., κἄν.., whether.., or.., κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν D. 25.15.
κἄν (Griesbach κἄν; see κἀγώ, at the beginning), by crusts for καί ἐάν (cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 3; Buttmann, p. 10; Tdf Proleg., p. 97; WH's Appendix, p. 145{b}); hence joined with the subjunctive;
1. and if: Matthew 10:23 G L; Mark 16:18; (Luke 12:38 (bis) T Tr text WH; John 8:55 L T Tr WH; 1 Corinthians 13:2{a} L WH, 2^b Tr text WH, 3^a L Tr WH, 3^b L WH); James 5:15; by aposiopesis with the suppression of the apodosis, κἄν μέν ποιήσῃ καρπόν, namely, εὖ ἔχει it is well (or some such phrase), Luke 13:9; cf. Winers Grammar, 600 (558); (Buttmann, § 151, 26).
2. also or even if;
a. if only, at least, in abridged discourse: κἄν τόν ἱματίων αὐτοῦ, namely, ἅψωμαι, Mark 5:28; also ἵνα (namely, ἅψωνται αὐτοῦ) κἄν τοῦ κρασπέδου ... ἅψωνται, Mark 6:56: ἵνα ἐρχομένου Πέτρου (namely, τί αὐτοῦ ἐπισκιάσῃ αὐτῶν) κἄν ἡ σκιά etc. Acts 5:15; κἄν ὡς ἄφρονα namely, δεξησθε με, 2 Corinthians 11:16; (Wis. 14:4 Wis. 15:2). Cf. Buttmann, § 149, 6; (Winers Grammar, 584 (543); Green, Gram. of the N. T., p. 230; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 139f; Liddell and Scott, under the word; Sophocles Lexicon, under the word).
b. even if: Matthew 21:21; Matthew 26:35; John 8:14; John 10:38; (John 11:25); Hebrews 12:20.
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κἄν ,
by crasis for καὶ ἄν (= ἐάν ; WH, App., 145b; Thayer, s.v.), c. subjunc.,
1. and if: Mark 16:18 Luke 12:38, John 8:55, 1 Corinthians 13:2-3, James 5:15; c. ellips., Luke 13:9.
2. Concessive, even if: Matthew 21:21; Matthew 26:35, John 8:14; John 10:38; John 11:25, Hebrews 12:20.
3. As intensive of simple καί (M, Pr., 167; WM, 730; Jannaris, Gr., 598), even, at least: Mark 5:28; Mark 6:56, Acts 5:15, 2 Corinthians 11:16.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For this crasis, as in Mark 5:28; Mark 6:56, Acts 5:15, cf. PSI IV. 286.9 (iii/iv A.D.) ἵνα κἂν ἐγὼ εἰδῶ, P Oxy XII. 1593.5 ff. (iv/A.D.) οὐκ [ἐ ]δήλωσάς μοι κἂν περὶ τῆς ὁλοκληρίας ὑμῶν. . . κἂν νῦν, ἄδελφε, πάντα ὑπερθέμενος ἀντίγραψόν μοι κτλ. See also P Rein 52.6 (iii/iv A.D.) ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠμελήσατε ἴσως οὐ καλῴ συνειδότι χρώμενοι · ὃ κἂν νῦν ποιήσατε κτλ., ";but you have neglected to do it perhaps because you have not a good conscience : do it now at least,"; etc. (cf. Archiv iii. p. 527 f.). On the intensive force of κἄν, as distinguished from the simple καί, cf. Jannaris Gr. § 598.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
