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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3761 - οὐδέ
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- but not, neither, nor, not even
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οὐδέ,
neg. Particle, related to μηδέ as οὐ to μή, partly Conj., partly Adv.:
CONJUNCTION,
I but not, mostly answering to μέν (sts. written divisim), Il. 5.138, 24.418; without μέν, 5.21, etc.: sts. the first οὐδέ, but not, is folld. by οὐδέ, nor, ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ Ποσειδάων', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ 24.25.
II
1. more freq. and not, nor: sts. without a neg. preceding, Κίρκη δ' ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον, οὐδ' ἐπὶ σίτῳ χεῖρας ἰάλλοντα Od. 10.375; τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδ' ὑπεύθυνος A. Pr. 326, cf. 102, 259,al.; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥητόν S. Ph. 756, cf. 996, OT 398, 868 (lyr.), Hdt. 1.97, etc.: after a neg. compd., ὃν ἠτίμησ' Ἀγαμέμνων, οὐδ' ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα Il. 1.95; ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις A. Pr. 716; ἄστιπτος οὐδ' οἰκουμένη S. Ph. 2; ἄθικτος οὐδ' οἰκητός Id. OC 39.
2. with a neg. preceding, nor, βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐ. ποτῆτος Od. 10.379; οὐκέτισοὶ.. μένος ἔμπεδον οὐ. τις ἀλκή 22.226; οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν οὐ. τιν' ἐγχώρων S. Ph. 692 (lyr.), cf. 681 (lyr.), 905, 955, X. Oec. 20.2, etc.: sts. the preceding neg. is itself οὐδέ, = and not, as in Od. 22.222; οὐδέ, = nor may be repeated any number of times, e.g. three times in S. OT 1378. — Sts. the neg. follows the whole word-group instead of preceding it, σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν but iron or silver use they not at all, Hdt. 1.215; Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ' Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς Th. 6.55; ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὐ. δίκαιον οὐδὲν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι D. 22.4: but οὐδὲ.. οὐδέ never means neither.. nor (like οὔτε.. οὔτε); where this combination occurs, the first οὐδέ is used without reference to the second, e.g. καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ἡ ἐπιτείχισις οὐδὲ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἄξιον φοβηθῆναι and moreover we have no reason to fear their fortifications, nor yet their navy, Th. 1.142.
III οὐδέ may also follow οὔτε, by an anacoluth., as in τε.., δέ.. (v. οὔτε 11.3); but οὔτε cannot follow οὐδέ. — Cf. μηδέ A. 2.
ADVERB,
I not even, in Hom. mostly with Advbs., οὐδ' ῃβαιόν not even a little, no not a bit, not at all, Il. 2.386; οὐ. τυτθόν 1.354; οὐ. μίνυνθα 20.27; so also ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδ' ἠβαιαί he has no sense, no not even a little, 14.141, cf. Od. 21.288; τότε μὲν εὖ ζῶντες, νῦν δὲ οὐ. ζῶντες Pl. R. 329a: freq. in Att., τούτῳ μὲν οὐ. διελέγετο he did not even exchange words with him, Lys. 3.31, cf. Ar. Nu. 425; οὐδ', εἰ γέγονεν, οἶδα D. 18.70, etc.: in the same sense, οὐ. γ' Pl. Phd. 97a, 97b, 106b; οὐ. γ' αὖ Id. R. 499a; οὐ. μήν X. Cyr. 3.3.50, etc.; οὐ. μέν Il. 9.374, etc.: in Att. freq. with εἷς (whence οὐδείς), οὐδ' ἂν εἷς θύσειεν Ar. Pl. 137: sts. without elision, οὐδὲ εἷς ib. 1182, Herod. 1.45; οὐκ ἄλλ' οὐ. ἕν Ar. Pl. 138, cf. Ra. 927; also οὐ. καθ' ἕν Th. 2.87; οὐ. παρ' ἑνός X. Cyr. 2.3.10, etc. — This οὐδέ freq. follows καί, and not even, καὶ οὐδ' αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. Th. 7.56, cf. X. An. 3.2.4, etc.; also ἀλλ' οὐδέ, most freq. in phrase ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὧς.. Il. 7.263, 9.351, etc.
II also not, not.. either, nor yet.., ὁ δίκαιος τοῦ δικαίου δοκεῖ τί σοι ἂν ἐθέλειν πλέον ἔχειν; Answ. οὐδαμῶς..; Qu. τί δέ; τῆς δικαίας πράξεως; Answ. οὐ. τῆς δικαίας Pl. R. 349b, cf. Revelation 19:1-21 d, 21d, X. Mem. 3.11.4.
Repetition of οὐδέ and combination with οὐ:
I in Relat. as well as antec. clause, ὥσπερ οὐδ' ηὔχετο, οὐδ' ᾤετο Pl. Alc. 2.141a, cf. X. Cyr. 1.6.18.
II οὐ γὰρ οὐδέ, as ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐ. νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε S. El. 595, cf. Aj. 1242, OT 287, etc.; οὐ. γὰρ οὐ. Il. 5.22, 6.130, Od. 8.32, Hdt. 4.16, etc.; οὐ. μὲν οὐ. Il. 2.703, etc.; οὐ μὰν οὐ. 23.441, etc.; cf. οὐ c.
οὐδέ (from Homer down), a neg. disjunctive conjunction, compounded of οὐ and δέ, and therefore properly, equivalent to but not; generally, however, its oppositive force being lost, it serves to continue a negation. (On the elision of ἐ when the next word begins with a vowel (observed by Tdf. in eight instances, neglected in fifty-eight), see Tdf. Proleg., p. 96; cf. WHs Appendix, p. 146; Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10f) It signifies:
1. and not, continuing a negation, yet differently from οὔτε; for the latter connects parts or members of the same thing, since τέ is adjunctive like the Latinque; but οὐδέ places side by side things that are equal and mutually exclude each other ((?). There appears to be some mistake here in what is said about 'mutual exclusion' (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 55, 6): οὐδέ, like δέ, always makes reference to something preceding; οὔτε to what follows also; the connection of clauses made negative by οὔτε is close and internal, so that they are mutually complementary and combine into a unity, whereas clauses negatived by οὐδέ follow one another much more loosely, often almost by accident as it were; see Winer's Grammar, at the passage cited, and especially the quotations there given from Benfey and Klotz.) It differs from μηδέ as οὐ does from μή (which see ad at the beginning); after οὐ, where each has its own verb: Matthew 5:15 6:28; Mark 4:22; Luke 6:44; Acts 2:27; Acts 9:9; Acts 17:24; Galatians 1:17; Galatians 4:14; οὐκ οἶδα οὐδέ ἐπίσταμαι, Mark 14:68 R G L marginal reading (others, οὔτε ... οὔτε) (Cicero, pro Rosc. American 43,non novi neque scio); cf. Winers Grammar, 490 (456)
c.; (Buttmann, 367 (315) note); οὐ ... οὐδέ ... οὐδέ, not ... nor ... nor, Matthew 6:26; οὐδείς ... οὐδέ ... οὐδέ ... οὐδέ, Revelation 5:3 (R G; cf. Buttmann, 367 (315); Winer's Grammar, 491 (457)); οὐ ... οὐδέ; followed by a future ... οὐδέ μή followed by subjunctive aorist ... οὐδέ, Revelation 7:16. οὐ ... οὐδέ, the same verb being common to both: Matthew 10:24; Matthew 25:13; Luke 6:43; Luke 8:17 (cf. Winers Grammar, 300 (281); Buttmann, 355 (305) cf. § 139, 7); John 6:24; John 13:16; Acts 8:21; Acts 16:21; Acts 24:18; Romans 2:28; Romans 9:16; Galatians 1:1; Galatians 3:28; 1 Thessalonians 5:5; 1 Timothy 2:12; Revelation 21:23. preceded by οὔπω, Mark 8:17; — by οὐδείς, Matthew 9:17; — by ἵνα μή, which is followed by οὐδέ ... οὐδέ, where μηδέ ... μηδέ might have been expected (cf. Buttmann, § 148, 8; (Winer's Grammar, 474 (442))) Revelation 9:4. οὐδέ γάρ, for neither, John 8:42; Romans 8:7.
2. also not (A. V. generally neither): Matthew 6:15; Matthew 21:27; Matthew 25:45; Mark 11:26 (R L); Luke 16:31; John 15:4; Romans 4:15; Romans 11:21; 1 Corinthians 15:13, 16; Galatians 1:12 (οὐδέ γάρ ἐγώ (cf. Buttmann, 367 (315) note; 492 (458))); Hebrews 8:4, etc.; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Luke 23:15; ἤ οὐδέ, in a question, or doth not even etc.? 1 Corinthians 11:14 Rec.; the simple οὐδέ, num ne quidem (have ye not even etc.) in a question where a negative answer is assumed (see οὐ, 7): Mark 12:10; Luke 6:3; Luke 23:40; and G L T Tr WH in 1 Corinthians 11:14.
3. not even (Buttmann, 369 (316)): Matthew 6:29; Matthew 8:10; Mark 6:31; Luke 7:9; Luke 12:27; John 21:25 (Tdf. omits the verse); 1 Corinthians 5:1; 1 Corinthians 14:21; οὐδέ εἷς (Winers Grammar, 173 (163); Buttmann, § 127, 32), Acts 4:32; Romans 3:10; 1 Corinthians 6:5 (L T Tr WH οὐδείς); οὐδέ ἕν, John 1:3; ἀλλ' οὐδέ, Acts 19:2; 1 Corinthians 3:2 (Rec. ἀλλ' οὔτε);
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οὐδέ ,
negative particle, related to μηδέ as οὐ to μή .
I. As conic., and not, also not, neither, nor: Matthew 6:15, Luke 16:31 Romans 4:15, al.; οὐ . . . οὐδέ , Matthew 5:15; Matthew 10:24, Mark 4:22, Luke 6:43-44, John 6:24, Acts 2:27, Romans 2:28, al. (v. Bl., § 77, 10).
II. As adv., not even: Matthew 6:29, Mark 6:31, Luke 7:9, 1 Corinthians 5:1; οὐδέ εἷς , Acts 4:32, Romans 3:10 LXX).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";unexpected"; (as in Luke 5:26, cf. Aristeas 175) readily passes into the meaning ";wonderful,"; ";admirable."; In this latter sense it was applied to one who was victor in both πάλη and πένταθλον (see Meyer on P Harnb I. 21.3), and occurs as an athletic title in P Lond 1178.54 (A.D. 194) (= III. p. 217) πύκτου ἀλείπτου παραδόξου, and .56 παλαιστοῦ παραδόξου, also P Oxy XIV. 1759 (ii/A.D.) where Demetrius wishes Theon, an athlete, 4 νικᾶν πάντοτε, and concludes with the greeting .10 ἔ ]ρρωσό μοι, παράδοξε. The word is used as a proper name in BGU II. 362xiv. 10 (A.D. 215), and probably P Oxy IX. 1205.4 (A.D. 291).
For the adv. cf. OGIS 383.20 (mid. i/B.C.) κινδύνους μεγάλους παραδόξως διέφυγον.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
