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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5401 - φόβος
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- Strong
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- fear, dread, terror
- that which strikes terror
- reverence for one's husband
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φόβος, ὁ,
(φέβομαι)
panic flight, the usual sense in Hom., cf. Sch. Il. 11.71 (but cf. φύζα, φόβου κρυόεντος ἑταίρη Il. 9.2); once in Od., οἱ δ' ἔσχοντο φόβου 24.57; freq. in Il., Δαναῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φ. τε 15.396; πρῶτος Πηνέλεως.. ἦρχε φόβοιο 17.597; ἐς φόβον ἀνδρῶν 15.310; φόβονδε = φύγαδε, ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, μηδὲ τρωπᾶσθε φόβονδε ib. 666; φόβονδ' ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους 8.139; μή τι φόβονδ' ἀγόρευε counsel not to flight, 5.252; ἀΐξαντα φόβονδε 17.579; ὦρσαν φόβον Δαναοῖς B. 12.145.
2. Φόβος personified, as son of Ares, Il. 13.299; Δεῖμός τε Φ. τε 11.37, cf. 4.440, 15.119, Hes. Th. 934, A. Th. 45; worshipped at Selinus, IG 14.268.2.
II panic fear, [στρατῷ] φ. ἐμβάλλειν Hdt. 7.10. έ; ἐν τῷ γινομένῳ φ. Id. 9.69; generally, fear, terror (distd. from δέος (q.v.)), τορὸς ὀρθόθριξ φ. A. Ch. 32 (lyr.); διάτορος φ. Id. Pr. 183 (lyr.); ταρβόσυνος Id. Th. 240 (lyr.); νεανικός E. Hipp. 1204; joined with δέος and δεῖμα, v. sub vocc.; opp. θάρρος, Pl. Lg. 644c; sts. in milder sense, doubt, scruple, Pl. Phd. 101b; ἔχει πολλὴν ὑποψίαν καὶ φ. ὡς.. Id. Sph. 268a: also, awe, reverence, for a ruler or divine being, τοῦ ἡγεμόνος POxy. 1642.17 (iii A.D.); θεοῦ LXX Psalms 35:1 (36).1, PLond. 2.418.4 (iv A.D.): τοῦκυρίου Act. 931. —
Construction, a. c. gen. obj., fear or dread of.., A. Pers. 116 (lyr.), Th. 3.54, etc.; φ. τοῦ στρατεῦσαι X. An. 3.1.18: c. dupl.gen., ὀμμάτων εἰληφότας φόβον.. τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου S. OC 730: with Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος X. An. 7.2.37 codd.; ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φ. Id. Cyr. 3.3.53; οὑξ ὀνειράτων φ. A. Ch. 929; πρός τινος S. El. 783; πρός τινας D. 16.10, 25.93; φ. περὶ τοῦ καρποῦ fear for or concerning.., Th. 4.88; φ. ἑκάστων πέρι Pl. Phlb. 20b; ὑπὲρ τοῦ μέλλοντος Th. 7.41; τὸν ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους φ. X. An. 1.2.18; τῷ καθ' ἑαντὸν φ. from personal fear, D. 19.2: c. inf., φόβῳ εἰσορᾶν from fear to see, E. IT 1342: — for τεθνάναι τῷ φόβῳ τινά, v. θνῄσκω 1.2. with Verbs, τεύχειν φόβον A. Pr. 1090 (anap.); κλάζουσι κώδωνες φ. Id. Th. 386; φ. ποιεῖν τοῖς ἵπποις X. An. 1.8.18; παρασχεῖν E. Hec. 1113, etc.; παρασκευάζειν D. 59.86; φόβους ἐμβάλλειν, φόβον ἐνθεῖναί τινι, to strike terror into one, X. Cyr. 8.7.18, An. 7.4.1; ἐνεργάσασθαί τινι Isoc. 7.38, 11.25; ἔδωκ' Ἀπόλλων θῆρας φόβῳ Pi. P. 5.61; of the person who feels fear, φόβον λαβεῖν, ἔχειν, E. El. 39, X. Hier. 11.11; ἐκ φόβου φ. τρέφω S. Tr. 28: acc. cogn., φόβους φοβεῖσθαι, δεδοικέναι, Pl. Prt. 360b, E. Supp. 548; τὸν σὸν οὐ ταρβῶ φ. I fear not with thy fear, i.e. not like thee, S. Ph. 1251; Ταντάλου φ. φοβεῖσθαι Sch. E. Or. 6; ἐς φ. κατιστέατο Hdt. 8.12, cf. Th. 2.81; ἐν φ. γενέσθαι Pl. R. 578e; φ. μ' ἔχει A. Ag. 1243, cf. E. Or. 1255; μοι φ. τις εἰσελήλυθ', μ' ὑπῆλθέ τις φ., ib. 1324, S. Ph. 1231; τοῖς Ἕλλησι φ. ἐμπίπτει X. An. 2.2.19, etc.; διὰ φόβου ἔρχομαι, διὰ φόβων γίγνομαι, E. Or. 757 (troch.), Pl. Lg. 791b: opp. φόβον λύειν A. Th. 270, E. Or. 104; διαλῦσαι Pl. Mx. 241b; φόβους ἐξαίρει τῶν πολιτῶν Isoc. 2.23; ἀπεληλακέναι τινί X. Cyr. 4.2.10; φόβου ἀπαλλάξεσθαι to get rid of it, ib. 5.2.32; φόβου ἐκλύσασθαί τινα S. OT 1002; φόβους ἀπολύεσθαι Arist. Rh. 1415b18; φόβου μεθεῖσα (Valck. φόβον) E. Hel. 555; φόβου ἔξωθεν εἶναι Id. El. 901; ἵνα φόβος εἴη στρατεύειν X. An. 2.4.3; οὐ φ. μὴ.. Id. Mem. 2.1.25; φ. ἐστὶν ὅπως μὴ.. Pl. Smp. 193a; but φόβος εἰ πείσω I fear I shall not persuade.., E. Med. 184 (anap.); ἡμέας ἔχειφ. τε καὶ δέος ὅκως χρὴ.. Hdt. 4.115 (φόβος ἦν ὥστε μὴ τέγξαι is corrupt in E. IT 1380): adverbial usages, φόβῳ by or through fear, A. Supp. 786 (lyr.), Th. 240 (lyr.), etc.; ἀνάγκῃ καὶ φ. Pl. R. 554d: with Preps., διὰ φόβον, διὰ τὸν φ., Democr. 41, X. Hier. 1.38, Cyr. 3.1.24; ἐκ τίνος φόβου; S. OC 887; μετὰ φόβων Isoc. 2.26; ἄρχειν ξὺν φόβοισι S. OT 585; προαποθνῄσκειν ὑπὸ τοῦ φ. X. Cyr. 3.1.25; Poet., ἀμφὶ φόβῳ E. Or. 825 (lyr.): pl., not only in Poets, as Pi. N. 9.27, A. Th. 134 (prob. l.), S. Aj. 531, etc., but also in Prose, φόβους καὶ δείματα Th. 7.80; πόνους καὶ φ. Pl. Lg. 635c; κινδύνους καὶ φ. Id. Tht. 173a.
2. object or cause of terror, S. OC 1652; φόβος ἀκοῦσαι a terror to hear, Hdt. 6.112: pl., ἢν φόβους λέγῃ S. OT 917; πολλῶν φ. προσαγομένων X. An. 4.1.23.
φόβος, φοβοῦ, ὁ (φέβομαι; like φόρος, τρόμος, πόνος, from φέρω, τρέμω, πένομαι), from Homer down, the Sept. for יִרְאָה, פַּחַד, אֵימָה (terror), חִתִּית (terror);
1. fear, dread, terror; in a subjective sense (οὐδέν ἐστι φόβος εἰ μή προδοσία τῶν ἀπό λογισμοῦ βοηθημάτων, Wis. 17:11; προσδοκίαν λέγω κακοῦ τοῦτο, εἴτε φόβον, εἴτε δέος καλεῖτε, Plato, Protag., p. 358 d.): universally, 1 John 4:18; φόβος ἐπί τινα πίπτει (Acts 19:17 L Tr); Revelation 11:11 Rec.; ἐπιπίπτει, Luke 1:12; Acts 19:17 (R G T WH; Revelation 11:11 L T Tr WH); ἐγένετο, Luke 1:65; Acts 5:5, 11; λαμβάνει τινα, Luke 7:16 (Homer Iliad 11, 402); γίνεται τίνι, Acts 2:43; πλησθῆναι φοβοῦ, Luke 5:26; συνέχεσθαι φόβῳ, Luke 8:37; ἔχειν φόβον, 1 Timothy 5:20 (Herodotus 8, 12); κατεργάζεσθαι; τίνι φόβον, 2 Corinthians 7:11; φοβεῖσθαι φόβον (see φοβέω, 2), Mark 9:41; Luke 2:9; with a genitive of the object added, 1 Peter 3:14 (so Winer's Grammar, § 32, 2; others subject. genitive); ἀπό φοβοῦ, for fear, Luke 21:26; ἀπό τοῦ φοβοῦ, for the fear, with which they were struck, Matthew 14:26; with a genitive of the object added, Matthew 28:4; εἰς φόβον, unto (that ye may) fear, Romans 8:15; μετά φοβοῦ, Matthew 28:8; with καί τρόμου added, 2 Corinthians 7:15; Ephesians 6:5; Philippians 2:12; ἐν φόβῳ καί ἐν τρόμῳ (see τρόμος), 1 Corinthians 2:3; τινα ἐν φόβῳ σῴζειν (Rec.), ἐλεαν (L T Tr WH), with anxious heed lest ye be defiled by the wickedness of those whom ye are rescuing, Jude 1:23; plural φόβοι, feelings of fear, fears (Winer's Grammar, 176 (166)), 2 Corinthians 7:5; φόβος τίνος, genitive of the object (our fear of one): τῶν Ἰουδαίων, John 7:13; John 19:38; John 20:19; βασανισμοῦ, Revelation 18:10, 15; θανάτου, Hebrews 2:15 (Xenophon, mem. l, 4, 7). In an objective sense, that which strikes terror: φόβος ἀγαθῶν ἔργων, or more correctly (with L T Tr WH) τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἔργῳ, a terror to (or for), Romans 13:3.
2. reverence, respect (for authority, rank, dignity): Romans 13:7; 1 Peter 2:18; 1 Peter 3:16 (15); ἡ ἐν φόβῳ ἀναστροφή, behavior coupled with (cf. ἐν, I. 5 e.) reverence for one's husband, 1 Peter 3:2; φόβος with a genitive of the object: τοῦ κυρίου, Acts 9:31; 2 Corinthians 5:11; Χριστοῦ, Ephesians 5:21 (not Rec.); Θεοῦ, Romans 3:18; 2 Corinthians 7:1; (Ephesians 5:21 Rec.); Θεοῦ is omitted as suggested by the context, 1 Peter 1:17; (often in the O. T. יְהוָה יִרְאַת and אֱלֹהִים יִרְאַת). (Synonyms: see δειλία, δέος, at the end; cf. φοβέω.)
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φόβος , -ου , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H3374, also for H6343, H367, etc.;]
1. in Hom., flight.
2. That which causes flight, fear, dread, terror: Luke 1:12, Acts 5:5, 1 Timothy 5:20. 1 John 4:18, al.; cogn. acc, φοβεῖσθαι φ ., Mark 4:41, Luke 2:9; c. gen. obj., John 7:13; John 19:33; John 20:19, Hebrews 2:5, 1 Peter 3:14 (but cf. ICC, in l);ἀπὸ (τοῦ ) φ ., Matthew 14:26, Luke 21:26; εἰς φ ., Romans 8:15; μετὰ φόβου , Matthew 28:8; φ . καὶ τρόμος (Lft., Notes, 172), 1 Corinthians 2:3, 2 Corinthians 7:15, Ephesians 6:5, Philippians 2:12; by meton., of that which causes fear, Romans 13:3; of reverential fear, Romans 13:7, 1 Peter 1:17; 1 Peter 2:18; 1 Peter 3:2; 1 Peter 3:15; τ . κυρίου , Acts 9:31, 2 Corinthians 5:11 (v. Field, Notes, 183); Χριστοῦ , Ephesians 5:21; θεοῦ , Romans 3:18, 2 Corinthians 7:1.
SYN.: see δειλία G1167 (and of. DCG, i, 381).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";worse,"; is fairly common in the NT : cf. BGU IV. 1118.31 (B. C. 22) οὐδενὶ χείρον [α, ib. 1208i. 28 (B.C. 27) τὸ δὲ [πά ]̣ν ̣των ̣χ ̣ε ̣ι ̣ρ ̣ω (l. χεῖρον), where, however, the word is uncertain, P Oxy II. 237vii. 43 (A.D. 186) χεῖρόν ἐστι ἀνδρὸς ἀφαι [ρεῖσθαι, ";it is worse to take away (a wife) from her husband (than a dowry from a daughter?)"; (Edd.), and Syll 588.122 (c. B.C. 180) τοῦ χείρονος χρυσίου πρῶτον χύμα. For the superlve see ib. 316 (= .3 684).12 (B.C. 139?) τῆς χειρίστης κα [τασ ]τάσεως [κα ]ὶ ταραχῆς, and P Amh II. 40.9 (ii/B.C.).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
