Study Desk

For ^(C1)the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who ^(C2)suppress the truth ^(F1)in unrighteousness,

because ^(C1)that which is known about God is evident ^(F1)within them; for God made it evident to them.

For ^(C1)since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ^(C2)being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse.

For even though they knew God, they did not ^(F1)honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became ^(C1)futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened.

^(C1)Claiming to be wise, they became fools,

and they ^(C1)exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and ^(F1)crawling creatures.

Therefore ^(C1)God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be ^(C2)dishonored among them.

For they exchanged the truth of God for ^(F1)(C1)falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^(C2)who is blessed ^(F2)forever. Amen.

For this reason ^(C1)God gave them over to ^(C2)degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature,

and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations ^(F1)with women and burned in their desire toward one another, ^(C1)males with males committing ^(F2)shameful acts and receiving in ^(F3)their own persons the due penalty of their error.

And just as they did not see fit ^(F1)to acknowledge God, ^(C1)God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper,

people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are ^(C1)gossips,

slanderers, ^(F1)(C1)haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, ^(C2)disobedient to parents,

without understanding, untrustworthy, ^(C1)unfeeling, and unmerciful;

and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ^(C1)death, they not only do the same, but also ^(C2)approve of those who practice them.