Reigned from March 12, 1144 to February 15, 1145. Born in Bologna, Italy as Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orbo; died Rome, Italy. Before his election he was a canon in Bologna, cardinal-priest, papal legate to Germany, papal chancellor, and papal librarian. He was elected in 1144 and his brief reign was marked by a disastrous campaign with Roger of Sicily and a republican outbreak in Rome. He died as the result of violence received from a Roman mob.