Russian educator; born in Wilna June 28, 1840. Formerly a school-teacher in Berdyansk, Crimea, he now follows the same calling in Odessa. He wrote "'Erek Tefillah," a critical investigation of the history and the language of the prayers (Wilna, 1868); "Talmud Torah," a religious and historical primer in Hebrew and Russian (Warsaw, 1884; 4th ed., 1890); "Ha-Omen," elementary Hebrew primer, with a Russian glossary (ib. 1889); "Rishon le-Ḥinnuk," Hebrew and Russian (ib. 1892); and "Mesillat Yesharim," a Russian-Hebrew school-book (3d ed., ib.1898). He has also contributed numerous articles to Hebrew and Russian periodicals, notably one on the Siddur of the Jews of Crimea, in "Ha-Karmel," 8:133 et seq.