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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #8104 - שָׁמַר

Transliteration
shâmar
Phonetics
shaw-mar'
Origin
a primitive root
Parts of Speech
Verb
TWOT
2414
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שִׁמְצָה
 
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שֶׁמֶר
Definition   
Brown-Driver-Briggs'

1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to keep, have charge of

1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life

1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)

1a3) to watch for, wait for

1a4) to watch, observe

1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)

1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain

1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)

1a8) to keep, preserve, protect

1a9) to keep, reserve

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be on one’s guard, take heed, take care, beware

1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain

1b3) to be kept, be guarded

1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed

1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from

Greek Equivalent Words:
Strong #: 472 ‑ ἀντέχω (an‑tekh'‑om‑ahee);  25 ‑ ἀγαπάω (ag‑ap‑ah'‑o);  189 ‑ ἀκοή (ak‑o‑ay');  191 ‑ ἀκούω (ak‑oo'‑o);  1299 ‑ διατάσσω (dee‑at‑as'‑so);  1301 ‑ διατηρέω (dee‑at‑ay‑reh'‑o);  1522 ‑ εἰσακούω (ice‑ak‑oo'‑o);  1685 ‑ ἐμβάλλω (em‑bal'‑lo);  2043 ‑ ἐρείδω (er‑i'‑do);  2147 ‑ εὑρίσκω (hyoo‑ris'‑ko);  3906 ‑ παρατηρέω (par‑at‑ay‑reh'‑o);  4160 ‑ ποιέω (poy‑eh'‑o);  4863 ‑ συνάγω (soon‑ag'‑o);  4920 ‑ συνίημι (soon‑ee'‑ay‑mee);  4933 ‑ συντηρέω (soon‑tay‑reh'‑o);  5083 ‑ τηρέω (tay‑reh'‑o);  5087 ‑ τίθημι (tith'‑ay‑mee);  5441 ‑ φύλαξ (foo'‑lax);  5442 ‑ φυλάσσω (foo‑las'‑so);  2125 ‑ εὐλαβέομαι (yoo‑lab‑eh'‑om‑ahee);  4337 ‑ προσέχω (pros‑ekh'‑o);  1314 ‑ διαφυλάσσω (dee‑af‑oo‑las'‑so);  
Frequency Lists
Verse Results
KJV (468)
Genesis 15
Exodus 25
Leviticus 16
Numbers 19
Deuteronomy 73
Joshua 11
Judges 7
1 Samuel 16
2 Samuel 10
1 Kings 23
2 Kings 18
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 12
Esther 6
Job 12
Psalms 71
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 9
Song of Solomon 3
Isaiah 12
Jeremiah 13
Ezekiel 20
Daniel 2
Hosea 4
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 3
Malachi 6
NAS (468)
Genesis 15
Exodus 25
Leviticus 16
Numbers 19
Deuteronomy 69
Joshua 12
Judges 8
1 Samuel 15
2 Samuel 11
1 Kings 24
2 Kings 16
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 11
Esther 5
Job 13
Psalms 71
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 9
Song of Solomon 3
Isaiah 13
Jeremiah 13
Ezekiel 19
Daniel 2
Hosea 5
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 4
Malachi 8
HCS (462)
Genesis 15
Exodus 25
Leviticus 16
Numbers 18
Deuteronomy 73
Joshua 10
Judges 6
1 Samuel 16
2 Samuel 9
1 Kings 23
2 Kings 18
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 12
Esther 6
Job 12
Psalms 70
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 9
Song of Solomon 3
Isaiah 12
Jeremiah 12
Ezekiel 20
Daniel 2
Hosea 4
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 3
Malachi 6
BSB (475)
Genesis 21
Exodus 25
Leviticus 16
Numbers 19
Deuteronomy 73
Joshua 11
Judges 7
1 Samuel 16
2 Samuel 10
1 Kings 23
2 Kings 18
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 12
Esther 6
Job 12
Psalms 72
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 9
Song of Solomon 3
Isaiah 12
Jeremiah 13
Ezekiel 20
Daniel 2
Hosea 4
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 3
Malachi 6
ESV (428)
Genesis 15
Leviticus 16
Numbers 18
Deuteronomy 73
Joshua 10
Judges 7
1 Samuel 15
2 Samuel 10
1 Kings 23
2 Kings 16
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 12
Esther 6
Job 12
Psalms 69
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 8
Isaiah 11
Jeremiah 11
Ezekiel 20
Daniel 2
Hosea 3
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 3
Malachi 6
WEB (463)
Genesis 16
Exodus 25
Leviticus 15
Numbers 18
Deuteronomy 74
Joshua 10
Judges 7
1 Samuel 15
2 Samuel 10
1 Kings 23
2 Kings 18
1 Chronicles 10
2 Chronicles 15
Ezra 1
Nehemiah 12
Esther 6
Job 12
Psalms 70
Proverbs 31
Ecclesiastes 9
Song of Solomon 3
Isaiah 12
Jeremiah 13
Ezekiel 18
Daniel 2
Hosea 4
Amos 2
Jonah 1
Micah 2
Zechariah 3
Malachi 6
Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

2853) rms (סהמר ShMR) AC: Guard CO: Brier AB: Custody: A close watching of something for guarding or protecting. Shepherds constructed corrals of briers at night to protect the flock from predators. [from: nx- from the thorns used in constructing a corral]

V) rms (סהמר ShMR) - Guard: To watch over or guard in the sense of preserving or protecting. KJV (468): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hitpael, Piel, Participle) keep, observe, heed, keeper, preserve, beware, mark, watchman, wait, watch, regard, save - Strongs: H8104 (שָׁמַר)

Nm) rms (סהמר ShMR) - Dregs: The settlings of wine. [Unknown connection to root;] KJV (5): lees, dregs - Strongs: H8105 (שֶׁמֶר)

Nf1) erms (סהמרה ShMRH) - Guard: One who watches over. KJV (1): watch - Strongs: H8108 (שָׁמְרָה)

bm) rims (סהמיר ShMYR) - I. Brier:Used to construct a corral to protect the flock at night. II. Shamiyr:An unknown sharp stone such as flint or obsidian. KJV (11): brier, adamant, diamond - Strongs: H8068 (שָׁמִיר)

dm) rfms (סהמור ShMWR) - Watching: KJV (2): observed - Strongs: H8107 (שִׁמֻּרִים)

df1) erfms (סהמורה ShMWRH) - Lid: As a covering of protection. KJV (1): waking - Strongs: H8109 (שְׁמֻרָה)

hm) rmsm (מסהמר MShMR) - Custody: A careful watching over as an office, guard or prison. KJV (22): ward, watch, guard, diligence, office, prison - Strongs: H4929 (מִשְׁמָר)

hf2) trmm (מסהמרת MShMRT) - Charge: What is given to be watched over and protected. KJV (78): charge, ward, watch, keep, ordinance, office, safeguard - Strongs: H4931 (מִשְׁמֶרֶת)

ndf1) erfmsa (אסהמורה AShMWRH) - Watch: An increment of time during the night when guards watch the area. KJV (7): watch, night watch - Strongs: H821 (אַשְׁמֹרֶת)

AHL Definitions Copyright: ©1999-2024
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition
 I. שָׁמַר465 verb keep, watch, preserve (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמר in proper name and (Punic) = watchman; Tel Amarna šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Wkl No. 80, i. 23; Mandean סמירא preserved M 46; compare Arabic converse by night, stay awake (see Lag BN 105); Ba NB 175f.; Esther 43 infers from eyelid (compare [שְׁמֻרָה] below), and Arabic support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Hebrew; but proof insufficient); —

Qal425 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Genesis 37:11 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמֹר 1 Samuel 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָרֿ Jeremiah 5:24 +, suffix 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Exodus 21:29,36; 3 feminine singular suffix תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Proverbs 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, see Ges§ 47g Toy), etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמֹר Job 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1 Chronicles 29:18 +; masculine plural שִׁמְרוּ Joshua 6:18 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺר Deuteronomy 5:12 +; construct שְׁמֹר Genesis 3:24 +, suffix שָׁמְרָהּ Genesis 2:15, etc.; Participle active שֹׁמֵר 1 Samuel 1:12 +, etc.; passive שָׁמוּר Ecclesiastes 5:12 ( 1 Samuel 9:24 see below), etc.; — [Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q. v.]:

1. a. keep, have charge of, garden Genesis 2:15 (J), ark 1 Samuel 7:1, property in trust Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:9 (E), compare 1 Samuel 25:31; tend flock Genesis 30:31 (E), compare Zechariah 3:7; Numbers 3:8 (P); so perhaps (object omitted) Hosea 12:13 (where ׳שׁ chosen for parallelism Now Marti and others); Participle הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Genesis 4:9 (J), ׳שׁ of sheep 1 Samuel 17:20, הַכֵּלִים׳שׁ 1 Samuel 17:22, הַכְּגָדִים׳שׁ 2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 34:22, הַנָּשִׁים׳שׁ Esther 2:3,8,15, compare Esther 2:14, etc.

b. keep, guard, captives Joshua 10:18 (J), 1 Kings 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל person for whom 1 Samuel 26:15 ( Psalm 59:10 see

3 end), עַל person Psalm 59:16; Proverbs 6:22; בַּנַּעַר 2 Samuel 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִיᵐ5 and modern); in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2 Samuel 11:16, חַטָאתִי עַל Job 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר with ᵐ5 Ew Di Du and others [not Hi Bu]); absolute with מֵעַל Ecclesiastes 5:7 watcheth above, etc.; keep one's mouth, be prudent of speech Proverbs 21:33, compare Micah 7:5; keep = protect, save, one's life, נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 13:3; Proverbs 16:17; Proverbs 19:16; Proverbs 22:5, another's Job 2:6; in Proverbs , accusative of person, subject Wisdom of Solomon , Job 4:6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Job 6:24; Job 7:5; especially Participle watch, watchman, of city Isaiah 21:11 (twice in verse); Isaiah 21:12; Isaiah 62:5 (figurative), Song of Solomon 3:3; Song of Solomon 5:7 (twice in verse); Psalm 127:1; הַמֶּלֶף׳שׁ (in temple) Jeremiah 35:4 + (see סַף), מֶּית הַמֶּלֶךְ׳הַמּ 1 Kings 14:27 2 Chronicles 12:10, הַשְּׁעָרִים׳שׁ Nehemiah 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figurative) Ecclesiastes 12:3; ׳שׁהַבַּיִתךֵסעוֺה ךֵהת פךֵךֵכ (of David's concubines) 2 Samuel 15:16; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1 Samuel 17:22, הַבְּגָדִים׳שׁ 2 Kings 22:14, חַמַּרְדֵּס׳שׁ Nehemiah 2:8, הַנָּשִׁים׳שׁ Esther 2:3,14,15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Judges 7:19; Jeremiah 51:12.

c. hence watch for, wait for, accusative of person 1 Samuel 19:11 (to kill him), compare Psalm 59:1 (title; accusative הַבַּיִת); with יֲקֵכַי Psalm 56:7 = dog my steps, Psalm 71:10; Jeremiah 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Job 10:14; Job 13:27; Job 33:11; absolute הַשֹּׁעמרִים Judges 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Psalm 130:6 (twice in verse).

d. watch, observe, accusative of thing 1 Samuel 1:12; Ecclesiastes 11:4; Job 39:1; Jeremiah 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Isaiah 42:20; Psalm 107:43; accusative of person Psalm 37:37 ("" ראה), Zechariah 11:11; accusative of sin Psalm 31:7; Psalm 130:3; accusative of thing, for the purpose of avoiding, Psalm 17:4.

2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) Genesis 41:35 (E); absolute Ecclesiastes 3:6 (opposed to הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Genesis 37:11 (E), compare Malachi 2:7; 1 Chronicles 29:18; Proverbs 4:21 (בְּתוֺךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךְ), Proverbs 22:18 (כְּבִטֱנ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמֶר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; see also נָטַר 1) + (anger omitted) Jeremiah 3:5 ("" נטר).

b. keep within bounds, restrain, object שׁוֺר Exodus 21:29,36 (E); with accusative hand, מִן of evil Isaiah 56:2; figurative keep thy foot, with temporal clause Ecclesiastes 4:17; לְֿפִי מַחְסוֺם׳אֶשׁ Psalm 39:2 (ᵐ5 Du and others אָשִׁימָה); apparently reflexive (= Niph`al), Joshua 6:18 (+ מִןהַֿחֵרֶס), possibly sc. גַפְשְׁכֶם Di.

3. a. observe, celebrate, accusative of festival, etc., Exodus 23:15 (E), Exodus 34:18 (J), Exodus 12:17; of day Exodus 12:17 (P), of month Deuteronomy 16:1.

b. keep Sabbath Deuteronomy 5:12; Leviticus 19:3,30; Leviticus 26:2 (all H), Exodus 31:13,14,16 (P), Isaiah 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֺ) Isaiah 56:2; Isaiah 56:6.

c. of other obligations: keep convenant Ezekiel 17:14, especially convenant of ׳י Deuteronomy 29:8; 1 Kings 11:11 5t., ׳שְׁבֻעַת י 1 Kings 2:43, perform vow Deuteronomy 23:24; keep commands Jeremiah 35:18; Ezekiel 20:18; especially מִצָוֺת, תֻקִּים, יֲבֹדָה, etc., of ׳י (sometimes "" נצר), Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; Amos 2:4; 1 Kings 2:3; Psalm 119:8; Psalm 119:17; Psalm 119:34 + very often (c. 120t.); ׳דֶּרֶח י׳שׁ Genesis 18:19 (J) + 4t., ׳דַּרְכֵי י 2 Samuel 22:22 = Psalm 18:22, ׳י׳ד omitted Judges 2:22 b; אָרְחוֺת צַדַּיקִים׳שׁ Proverbs 2:20 ("" תֵּלֵח תְּלֵח בְּדֶרֶח טוֺבֹים), ׳שׁדְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Proverbs 8:32 ( Psalm 17:4 see

1 d); keep discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Numbers 3:10; Numbers 18:7 (both P), absolute 2 Chronicles 5:11; a function or duty, especially מִשְׁמֶרֶת׳שׁ Leviticus 8:35; Numbers 1:53 + approximately 32t. (see ׳מ below); accusative of obligation often omitted, especially D (and R D) keep and do Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 7:12 8t.; to do Deuteronomy 5:1,29 16t. D + 3t., etc.

d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hosea 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁמָּט), Isaiah 56:1; Proverbs 4:4; Proverbs 5:2; Proverbs 7:1,2; bad sense, observe vanities Psalm 31:7. — Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hosea 4:10, very strange (conjectures in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1 Samuel 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Now Bu Comm.; Psalm 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה (as Psalm 59:18, ᵑ6 Che Bae).

4 sometimes ׳י subject:

a. keep, preserve, protect, accusative of person, + ב of way, etc., Genesis 28:15,20 (J), Exodus 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָח), Psalm 91:11 (׳מ), Joshua 24:17 (E); accusative of person (or נפשׁ) only: 1 Samuel 30:23; Jeremiah 31:9; Numbers 6:24 (P), Job 29:2; Psalm 16:1 10t. Psalm; + מִן Psalm 121:7 2t.; accusative רַהְּלַי 1 Samuel 2:9, compare Proverbs 3:26 (מִן); Participle שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Psalm 121:3; Psalm 121:5, compare Psalm 121:4, etc.; accusative of city Psalm 127:1.

b. with accusative בְּרִית, ל person Deuteronomy 7:12, + חֶסֶד Deuteronomy 7:7 5t., אֱמֶת לְעוֺלָם׳הַשּׁ Psalm 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Deuteronomy 7:8, etc.; passive of covenant (׳י agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2 Samuel 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr).

5 keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24 (ל person).

Niph`al36 Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַד 2 Samuel 20:10, etc.; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Judges 13:13; 2 masculine plural תִּשָּׁמַ֑רוּ Exodus 23:13; Imperative masculine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Isaiah 7:4 הִדָמשּׁ֫מֶר (לְךָׅ Genesis 24:6 +; feminine singular הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Judges 13:4, etc.; —

1 be on one's guard, with בַּחֶרֶב 2 Samuel 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; with ב temporal 1 Samuel 19:2, שָׁם 2 Kings 6:10; take heed Exodus 23:13 (E) Deuteronomy 2:4; with מִן person Exodus 23:21 (E), Jeremiah 9:3; מִן of thing Judges 13:13; Deuteronomy 23:10; מִן infinitive take care not to, etc. Genesis 31:29 (E), 2 Kings 6:9; infinitive without מִן Exodus 19:12 (J), but read probably מֵעֲלוֺת; followed by מֶּן lest Genesis 24:6 (J) + 11t. (especially Deuteronomy); with (וְ)אַל jussive Exodus 10:23 (J), Judges 13:4; Job 36:21, with Imperative coordinate Isaiah 7:4. — Very often Imperative (24t.), especially in phrase הִשָּׁמֶרלְֿךָ (12t.), הִשָּֽׁטְרוּ לָכֶם (3t.); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Deuteronomy 4:15; Joshua 23:11 (R D; + infinitive); + ׳בְּנַפ Jeremiah 17:21 apparently ב pret. on peril of your life (compare ב

III:3 a), so perhaps alsoבְּרוּחֲכֶם Malachi 2:15,16 (We Now).

2 keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1 Samuel 21:5.

3 be kept, guarded, Hosea 12:14 (compare ׳שׁ of Jacob Hosea 12:13); be preserved (by ׳י) Psalm 37:28 (לִיוֺלָם), but read probably עַוָּלִים (לְעוֺלָם) נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr.

Pi`el Participle plural מְשַׁמְּרִיםהַבְלֵישָֿׁוְא Jonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (compare Qal Psalm 31:7).

Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶשְׁתַּסֵּר מֵעֲוֺנַי Psalm 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2 Samuel 22:24 (verb cohortative); 3 masculine singular וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֺת עָמְרִי Micah 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.


Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.All rights reserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

שָׁמַר fut. יִשְׁמֹר

(1)  to keep, to watch, to guard

(a) in a narrower sense, as a garden, Genesis 2:15, 3:24 a flock, Genesis 30:31 a house, Ecclesiastes 12:3. Part. שֹׁמֵר subst. a watchman Canticles 3:3 of cattle, i.e. a shepherd, 1 Samuel 17:20 trop. used of prophets, Isaiah 21:11, 62:6, compare צֹפִים.

(b) in a wider sense, to keep safe, to preserve, followed by acc. Job 2:6; Proverbs 13:3 בְּ 2 Samuel 18:12 אֶל 1 Samuel 26:15 עַל 1 Samuel 26:16; Proverbs 6:22 often used of God as guarding men, followed by an acc. Genesis 28:15, 20 Genesis 28:20; Psalms 12:8, 16:1 25:20 followed by מִן to guard from any thing, Psalms 121:7, 140:5 141:9.

(2) to keep, to reserve, Exodus 22:6 also to preserve, as loving-kindness, Daniel 9:4; Nehemiah 9:32, anger, Amos 1:11, עֶבְרָתוֹ שְׁמָרָה נֶצַח “(Edom) kept his anger continually;” (שְׁמָֽרָה with these vowels and the accent on the penultima is masc. with ה parag.), and without the acc. עֶבְרָה or אַף (like נָטַר No. 2), Jeremiah 3:5, אִם־יִשְׁמֹר לָנֶצַח “will he continually keep” sc. his anger? Specially to keep in mind and memory (φυλάττεσθαί τι), Genesis 37:11; Psalms 130:3.-Without acc. and with suff. of pers. Job 10:14, וּשְׁמַרְתָּנִי “thou wilt keep (punishment) for me,” du gedachteft (es) mir.

(3) to observe, to attend to any thing, followed by an acc. 1 Samuel 1:12; Psalms 17:4, “I have observed the ways of the violent man,” i.e. that I might avoid them (this phrase is used in another sense, Proverbs 2:20); without this, Isaiah 42:20 followed by עַל Job 14:16 followed by אֶל Psalms 59:10. Sometimes used in a bad sense, to watch narrowly (etwas belauern), to lie in wait for, followed by an acc. Job 13:27, 33:11 Psalms 56:7, 71:10. שָׁמַר עִיר to observe, i.e. to besiege a city, 2 Samuel 11:16, compare נָצַר No. 5.

(4) to keep, to observe, as a covenant, Genesis 17:9, 10 Genesis 17:10 the commandments of God, 1 Kings 11:10 the sabbath, Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:6 a promise, 1 Kings 3:6, 8:24. Followed by a gerund, to seek to do any thing, Numbers 23:12; 2 Kings 10:31.

(5) to honour, to worship, as God, Hosea 4:10, idols, Psalms 31:7 a master, Proverbs 27:18. Compare Virg. Georg. iv. 212, “Prœterea regem non sic Ægyptus, et ingens Lydia … … observant.”

(6) recipr. i.q. Niphal and שָׁמַר נַפְשׁוֹ (Deuteronomy 4:9), to abstain oneself from any thing, followed by מִן Joshua 6:18.

Niphal

(1) pass. to be kept, preserved, Psalms 37:28.

(2) to abstain oneself from any thing (compare Kal No. 6), followed by מִן Deuteronomy 23:10; Judges 13:13; 1 Samuel 21:5.

(3) to beware of any thing, followed by מִן Jeremiah 9:3 מִפְּנֵי Exodus 23:21 בְּ 2 Samuel 20:10 followed by inf. Exodus 19:12, “take heed to yourselves to ascend the mountain,” i.e. that ye do not ascend; also פֶּן (lest) followed by an entire sentence, Genesis 24:6, 31:24, 29 Genesis 31:29; Deuteronomy 4:15, 11:16 (the imperative having sometimes added the pronoun pleon. לְךָ Gen. Ex. locc. citt.). Sometimes, to make the prohibition more forcible, there is added to the verb of warning the expression לְנַפְשְׁךָ, בְּנַפְשְׁךָ by thy life (Germ. bey Leibe nicht), which does not depend on the verb נִשְׁמַר, Deuteronomy 4:15, 16, נִשְׁמַרְתֶּם מְאֹד לְנַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם פֶּן תַּשְׁחִיתוּ “take heed diligently, as ye love your life, not to act wickedly,” etc.; Jeremiah 17:21, הִשָּֽׁמְרוּ בְּנַפְשׁתֵיכֶם וְאַל תִּשְּׂאוּ “take heed as ye value your life, not to carry;” Joshua 23:11. Once followed by a gerund, to care for something, to take heed to do something, Deuteronomy 24:8, הִשָּׁמֶרלִשְׁמֹר מְאֹד וְלַעֲשׂוֹת “take heed to observe diligently and do,” etc.

Piel, i.q. Kal No. 5, to worship (an idol), Jonah 2:9.

Hithpael

(1) i.q. Kal No. 4, prop. to observe for oneself, Micah 6:16.

(2) to take heed to oneself, followed by מִן Psalms 18:24.

Derivatives, שֶׁמֶר-שִׁמְרָת, אַשְׁמֻרָה, מִשְׁמָר, מִשְׁמֶרֶת, and pr.n. יִשְׁמְרַי.

II.

שָׁמַר i.q. סָמַר, שָׁמַר Ch. Pa. סַמֵּר to fasten with nails; whence שָׁמִיר a thorn, a point. Perhaps the two significations (No. I., II.) may be reconciled from the sense of guarding, coming from that of shutting up, making fast with nails.


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List of Word Forms
אֶֽשְׁמְרָ֣ה אֶשְׁמְרָ֥ה אֶשְׁמֹ֑ר אֶשְׁמֹ֑רָה אֶשְׁמֹ֖ר אֶשְׁמֹ֥ר אֶשְׁמֹֽר׃ אֶשְׁמָר־ אשמר אשמר־ אשמר׃ אשמרה בְּ֝שָׁמְרָ֗ם בִּשְׁמ֥וֹר בשמור בשמרם הֲשֹׁמְרִ֣ים הֲשֹׁמֵ֥ר הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר הִ֭שָּׁמֶר הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־ הִשָּׁ֕מֶר הִשָּׁ֣מְרִי הִשָּׁ֣מֶר הִשָּׁ֧מֶר הִשָּׁמְר֖וּ הִשָּׁמְר֣וּ הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ הִשָּׁמֵ֔רוּ הִשָּׁמֵ֨ר הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים הַשֹּׁמְרִ֛ים הַשֹּׁמְרִ֣ים הַשֹּׁמְרִ֥ים הַשֹּׁמֵ֖ר השמר השמר־ השמרו השמרי השמרים התשמר וְ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה וְאֶשְׁמְרֶ֥נָּה וְאֶשְׁמְרָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁמְרָ֥ה וְיִשְׁמְר֞וּ וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ וְיִשְׁמָר־ וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּ֞ר וְלִשְׁמ֕וֹר וְלִשְׁמ֣וֹר וְלִשְׁמ֤וֹר וְלִשְׁמֹ֖ר וְלִשְׁמֹ֛ר וְלִשְׁמֹ֥ר וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר וְנִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔ וְנִשְׁמַ֣ר וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ וְשִׁמְר֗וּ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ וְשָֽׁמְר֗וּ וְשָֽׁמְר֛וּ וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ וְשָׁ֣מַרְתָּ֔ וְשָׁמְר֖וּ וְשָׁמְר֗וּ וְשָׁמְר֞וּ וְשָׁמְר֣וּ וְשָׁמְר֥וּ וְשָׁמְר֧וּ וְשָׁמְרוּ֙ וְשָׁמַ֖ר וְשָׁמַר֙ וְשָׁמַר֩ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֖ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֛ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֞ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֤ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֥ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֨ וְשָׁמָֽרוּ׃ וְשֹׁ֣מְרֵ֔י וְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר וְשֹׁמֵ֥ר וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר וְתִשְׁמ֥וֹר וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֞וּ וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֥וּ וַֽיִּשְׁמְרֵ֗נוּ וַֽתִּשְׁמְרוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁמֹ֣ר וַיִּשְׁמֹר֙ וַתִּשְׁמָר־ וָ֝אֶשְׁתַּמֵּ֗ר וָֽ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה וָאֶשְׁתַּמְּרָ֖ה וּ֝לְשֹׁמְרֵ֗י וּלְשָׁמְרָֽהּ׃ וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י וּמִשָּׁמְר֤וֹ וּשְׁמַרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֕ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֗ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֞ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי וּשְׁמָר֖וֹ וּשְׁמָרַ֙נִי֙ וּשְׁמֹ֨ר וּשְׁמֹ֬ר וּשְׁמֻרָ֔ה ואשמרה ואשמרנה ואשתמר ואשתמרה וישמר וישמר־ וישמרו וישמרך׃ וישמרנו וישתמר ולשמור ולשמר ולשמרה׃ ולשמרי ומר ומשמרו ונשמר ונשמרת ונשמרתם ושומר ושמר ושמרה ושמרו ושמרו׃ ושמרי ושמרני ושמרת ושמרתיך ושמרתם ושמרתני ותשמור ותשמר־ ותשמרו ותשמרך יִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר יִשְׁמְר֖וּ יִשְׁמְר֣וּ יִשְׁמְר֨וּ יִשְׁמְר֬וּ יִשְׁמְרֵ֣הוּ יִשְׁמְרֵֽנִי׃ יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ יִשְׁמְרֶ֖נּוּ יִשְׁמְרוּ֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ־ יִשְׁמָרְךָ֥ יִשְׁמָר־ יִשְׁמֹ֑רוּ יִשְׁמֹ֔ר יִשְׁמֹ֔רוּ יִשְׁמֹ֖ר יִשְׁמֹֽר׃ יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ׃ ישמר ישמר־ ישמר׃ ישמרהו ישמרו ישמרו־ ישמרו׃ ישמרך ישמרנו ישמרני׃ כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣י כשמרי ל֣וֹ לְשָׁמְר֔וֹ לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃ לְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י לְשֹׁמְרֵ֧י לִ֝שְׁמָרְךָ֗ לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר לִ֠שְׁמֹר לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ לִשְׁמ֖וֹר לִשְׁמ֣וֹר לִשְׁמ֤וֹר לִשְׁמ֥וֹר לִשְׁמָרְךָ֖ לִשְׁמֹ֑ר לִשְׁמֹ֔ר לִשְׁמֹ֕ר לִשְׁמֹ֖ר לִשְׁמֹ֗ר לִשְׁמֹ֛ר לִשְׁמֹ֞ר לִשְׁמֹ֣ר לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לִשְׁמֹ֥ר לִשְׁמֹ֨ר לִשְׁמֹֽר׃ לִשְׁמֹר֙ לִשְׁמוֹר֙ לו לשמור לשמר לשמר׃ לשמרו לשמרי לשמרך לשמרם׃ מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים מִשֹּׁמְרִ֥ים מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֖י מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֣י מר מרו מרם מרני מרתי משמרי משמרים נִשְׁמְר֥וּ נִשְׁמַ֜ר נִשְׁמָ֑רוּ נִשְׁמָֽר׃ נִשְׁמֹ֨ר נשמר נשמר׃ נשמרו שְׁ֠מֹר שְׁמ֔וֹר שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם שְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם שְׁמָ֥רָה שְׁמָ֨ר־ שְׁמָר־ שְׁמֹ֔ר שְׁמֹ֖ר שְׁמֹ֣ר שְׁמֹ֤ר שְׁמֹֽר׃ שְׁמֹר֙ שֳׁמְרָה־ שִׁמְר֖וּ שִׁמְר֣וּ שִׁמְר֥וּ שִׁמְרוּ־ שָֽׁמְרֵ֥נִי שָֽׁמְרָ֣ה שָֽׁמְרָ֥ה שָֽׁמְרוּ֙ שָֽׁמוּר־ שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם שָׁ֝מַ֗רְתִּי שָׁ֤מְרָֽה שָׁ֭מְרֵנִי שָׁ֭מְרוּ שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי שָׁמ֣֛וֹר שָׁמ֣וֹר שָׁמ֥וּר שָׁמְר֖וּ שָׁמְר֜וּ שָׁמְר֤וּ שָׁמְר֥וּ שָׁמְרֵ֗נִי שָׁמְרֵ֤נִי שָׁמְרָ֣ה שָׁמַ֔ר שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ שָׁמַ֖ר שָׁמַ֖רְתִּי שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ שָׁמַ֙רְנוּ֙ שָׁמַ֙רְתָּ֙ שָׁמַ֛ר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי שָׁמַ֣רְנוּ שָׁמַ֣רְתִּי שָׁמַ֥ר שָׁמַ֨ר שָׁמָ֑ר שָׁמָ֔רוּ שָׁמָֽרְתִּי׃ שָׁמָֽר׃ שָׁמָֽרוּ׃ שָׁמֹ֨ר שָׁמֹר֙ שָׁמוֹר֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים שֹֽׁמְרִים֙ שֹֽׁמְרֵי֙ שֹֽׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤ר שֹׁ֭מֵר שֹׁמְרִ֕ים שֹׁמְרִ֣ים שֹׁמְרִ֤ים שֹׁמְרִ֥ים שֹׁמְרֵ֕י שֹׁמְרֵ֖י שֹׁמְרֵ֣י שֹׁמְרֵ֥י שֹׁמְרֵ֨י שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ שֹׁמֵ֔ר שֹׁמֵ֖ר שֹׁמֵ֜ר שֹׁמֵ֣ר שֹׁמֵ֤ר שֹׁמֵ֥ר שֹׁמֵ֧ר שֹׁמֵ֨ר שֹׁמֵר֙ שׁ֝וֹמֵ֗ר שׁוֹמֵ֣ר שׁוֹמֵ֥ר שׁוֹמֵֽר׃ שומר שומר׃ שמור שמור־ שמר שמר־ שמר׃ שמרה שמרה־ שמרו שמרו־ שמרו׃ שמרי שמרים שמרך שמרך׃ שמרנו שמרני שמרת שמרתי שמרתי׃ שמרתם תִ֝שְׁמ֗וֹר תִּשְׁמ֗וֹר תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ תִּשְׁמְר֔וּן תִּשְׁמְר֕וּ תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ תִּשְׁמְר֜וּן תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן תִּשְׁמְר֥וּ תִּשְׁמְר֥וּן תִּשְׁמְר֨וּ תִּשְׁמְרֵ֑ם תִּשְׁמְרֵ֙נִי֙ תִּשְׁמָר־ תִּשְׁמֹ֑ר תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ תִּשְׁמֹ֙רוּ֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ תִּשְׁמֹרוּ֒ תִּשְׁמֽוֹר׃ תִּשְׁמוּרֵֽם׃ תִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּ תִּשָּׁמֵֽר׃ תִשְׁמְר֖וּ תִשְׁמְרֵ֣ם תִשְׁמְרוּ֙ תִשְׁמֹ֑ר תִשְׁמֹ֔ר תִשְׁמֹ֗ר תִשְׁמֹ֜ר תִשְׁמֹר֩ תשמור תשמור׃ תשמורם׃ תשמר תשמר־ תשמר׃ תשמרו תשמרון תשמרם תשמרני ’eš·mār- ’eš·mə·rāh ’eš·mō·rāh ’eš·mōr ’ešmār- ’ešmərāh ’ešmōr ’ešmōrāh bə·šā·mə·rām bəšāmərām beshameRam biš·mō·wr bishMor bišmōwr eshmeRah eshMor eshMorah hă·šō·mə·rîm hă·šō·mêr hă·ṯiš·mōr haš·šō·mə·rîm haš·šō·mêr hashoMer hashomeRim hashshoMer hashShomeRim hăšōmêr hăšōmərîm haššōmêr haššōmərîm hatishMor hăṯišmōr hiš·šā·mə·rî hiš·šā·mê·rū hiš·šā·mə·rū hiš·šā·mer hiš·šā·mêr hiš·šā·mer- hishShamer hishShameri hishshameRu hiššāmer hiššāmêr hiššāmer- hiššāmərî hiššāmêrū hiššāmərū kə·šō·mə·rê keshomeRei kəšōmərê lə·šā·mə·rām lə·šā·mə·rōw lə·šō·mə·rê ləšāmərām ləšāmərōw leshameRam leshameRo leshomeRei ləšōmərê liš·mā·rə·ḵā liš·mō·wr liš·mōr lishmareCha lishMor lišmārəḵā lišmōr lišmōwr lo lōw mar·tî Marti martî mə·rê·nî mə·rêm mə·rū mə·šam·mə·rîm mer mêr meRem mərêm mereni mərênî meru mərū məšammərîm meshammeRim miš·šō·mə·rê miš·šō·mə·rîm mishshomeRei mishshomeRim miššōmərê miššōmərîm mor mōr niš·mā·rū niš·mar niš·mār niš·mə·rū niš·mōr nishMar nishMaru nishmeRu nishMor nišmar nišmār nišmārū nišmərū nišmōr šā·mā·rə·tî šā·mā·rū šā·mar šā·mār šā·mar·nū šā·mar·tā šā·mar·tî šā·mə·rāh šā·mə·rê·nî šā·mə·rū šā·mō·wr šā·mōr šā·mūr šā·mūr- šāmar šāmār šāmārətî šāmarnū šāmartā šāmartî šāmārū šāmərāh šāmərênî šāmərū šāmōr šāmōwr šāmūr šāmūr- šə·mā·rāh šə·mār- šə·mar·tem šə·mō·wr šə·mōr šəmār- šəmārāh šəmartem šəmōr šəmōwr shaMar shaMareti shaMarnu shaMarta shaMarti shaMaru shameRah shameReni shameRu shaMor shamur sheMar sheMarah shemarTem sheMor shimRu shoMer ShomeRecha shomeRei shomeRim shomrah šim·rū šim·rū- šimrū šimrū- šō·mə·rê šō·mə·re·ḵā šō·mə·rîm šō·mêr šō·w·mêr šom·rāh- šōmêr šōmərê šōməreḵā šōmərîm šomrāh- šōwmêr tiš·mār- tiš·mə·rê·nî tiš·mə·rêm ṯiš·mə·rêm tiš·mə·rū ṯiš·mə·rū tiš·mə·rūn tiš·mō·rū tiš·mō·wr ṯiš·mō·wr tiš·mōr ṯiš·mōr tiš·mū·rêm tiš·šā·mê·rū tiš·šā·mêr tishmeRem tishmeReni tishmeRu tishmeRun tishMor tishMoru tishmuRem tishshaMer tishshaMeru tišmār- tišmərêm ṯišmərêm tišmərênî tišmərū ṯišmərū tišmərūn tišmōr ṯišmōr tišmōrū tišmōwr ṯišmōwr tišmūrêm tiššāmêr tiššāmêrū ū·lə·šā·mə·rāh ū·lə·šō·mə·rê ū·miš·šā·mə·rōw ū·šə·mā·ra·nî ū·šə·mā·rōw ū·šə·mar·tā·nî ū·šə·mar·tem ū·šə·mar·tî·ḵā ū·šə·mōr ū·šə·mu·rāh ūləšāmərāh uleshameRah uleshomeRei ūləšōmərê umishshameRo ūmiššāmərōw ūšəmāranî ūšəmārōw ūšəmartānî ūšəmartem ūšəmartîḵā ūšəmōr ūšəmurāh ushemaRani ushemaRo ushemarTani ushemarTem ushemarTicha usheMor ushemuRah vaeshmeRah vaeshtamMer vaeshtammeRah vaiyishmeRenu vaiyishmeRu vaiyishMor vattishmeRu vattishmor veeshmeRah veeshmeRennah velishMor venishMar veNishmarta venishmarTem veshaMar veshamarTa veshaMaru veshameRu veshimRu veshoMer veShomeRei vetishmeReka vetishMor veyishmeRecha veyishmeRu veyishmor veyishtamMer vMer w·mêr wā’ešmərāh wā’eštammêr wā’eštammərāh wā·’eš·mə·rāh wā·’eš·tam·mə·rāh wā·’eš·tam·mêr wat·tiš·mār- wat·tiš·mə·rū wattišmār- wattišmərū way·yiš·mə·rê·nū way·yiš·mə·rū way·yiš·mōr wayyišmərênū wayyišmərū wayyišmōr wə’ešmərāh wə’ešmərennāh wə·’eš·mə·rāh wə·’eš·mə·ren·nāh wə·liš·mō·wr wə·liš·mōr wə·niš·mar wə·niš·mar·tā wə·niš·mar·tem wə·šā·mā·rū wə·šā·mar wə·šā·mar·tā wə·šā·mə·rū wə·šim·rū wə·šō·mə·rê wə·šō·mêr wə·šō·w·mêr wə·ṯiš·mə·re·kā wə·ṯiš·mō·wr wə·yiš·mār- wə·yiš·mə·re·ḵā wə·yiš·mə·rū wə·yiš·tam·mêr wəlišmōr wəlišmōwr wənišmar wənišmartā wənišmartem wəšāmar wəšāmartā wəšāmārū wəšāmərū wəšimrū wəšōmêr wəšōmərê wəšōwmêr wəṯišmərekā wəṯišmōwr wəyišmār- wəyišməreḵā wəyišmərū wəyištammêr wmêr yiš·mā·rə·ḵā yiš·mār- yiš·mə·rê·hū yiš·mə·rê·nî yiš·mə·ren·nū yiš·mə·rū yiš·mə·rū- yiš·mō·rū yiš·mōr yishmareCha yishmeRehu yishmeReni yishmeRennu yishmeRu yishMor yishMoru yišmār- yišmārəḵā yišmərêhū yišmərênî yišmərennū yišmərū yišmərū- yišmōr yišmōrū
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