Reigned from May 18, 1012 to April 9, 1024. Born in Rome, Italy as Theophylact of Tusculum; died there. Count of Tusculum, and brother of Pope John XIX (XX), he was a layman before his election. As pope he subdued the Crescentii, defeated the Saracens, and crowned Henry II of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor, from whom he received a charter confirming the donations of Charlemagne and Otto. He held a synod at Pavia in order to restrain simony.