Cardinal, founder of the French Congregation of the Oratory, born Cerilly, Champagne, France, 1575; died 1629. After his ordination he labored for the conversion of Protestants in union with Saint Francis de Sales. With Madame Acarie he introduced the reformed Carmelite nuns into France, and in 1611 established the Oratory on the model of Saint Philip Neri's at Rome; to it is due the 17th-century reform of the French clergy. He wrote several devotional works, notably a life of Jesus.