(L.L.: campana, bell)
The form of bell tower which was developed by Lombard architects and has prevailed in Italy; usually a tall slender tower, more or less detached from the church, without buttresses and crowned with a turret containing the belfry chamber. The town hall of Siena is an example of civicbuilding with campanile. The same general proportions were preserved at the Renaissance. Celebrated campaniles are found in Cremona, Florence, Pisa, and Venice.