First Bishop of Boston, Archbishop of Bordeaux, and cardinal. Born Mayenne, France, 1768; died Bordeaux, France, 1836. A student at the Oratorian Seminary of Saint Magloire, he was ordained in Paris, in 1790. Refusing to take the Constitutional Oath, he escaped to England. He reached Boston, October 3, 1796, and embarked on a missionary career among the Maine Indians and scattered Catholic settlements. He assisted Reverend François Matignon in founding Holy Cross church in Boston, dedicated in 1803 by Bishop Carroll. Named Bishop of Boston, 1808, and consecrated, November 1, 1810, by Archbishop Carroll in Saint Peter's pro-Cathedral, Baltimore, his diocese included all New England. Failing health forced his return to France, 1823, and he was named Bishop of Montauban. He was promoted Archbishop of Bordeaux, 1826, made a peer of France by Charles X, and created cardinal, 1836.