Reigned from December 19, 1187 to March 27, 1191. Born in Rome, Italy as Paolo Scolari; died there. Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina. He began his pontificate by organizing the Third Crusade. His diplomatic successes were many. He liberated the Scottish Church from the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan See of York. Recognized Tancred as King of Sicily, in opposition to the claims of Henry VI of Germany.