Reigned from 461 to 468. Born Sardinia; died Rome, Italy. He attended the "Robber Synod" of Ephesus, 449, as a legate and upheld the rights of the papacy until Dioscurus of Alexandria forced him to flee. As pope he continued Leo I's vigorous policy, strengthening ecclesiastical government in Gaul and Spain. He erected churches, convents, libraries, and two public baths, and his synod of 465 is the earliest Roman synod whose records are extant.