Cardinal, archaeologist, and theologian. Born in 1812 in Champforgeuil, France; died in 1889 in Rome, Italy. Joining the Benedictine Order, he entered the Abbey of Solesmes in 1842, and was collaborator of Abbe Migne in the latter's Cursus patrologire. He was created cardinal in 1863, and appointed librarian of the Vatican in 1869. He is especially noteworthy for his great archaeological discoveries, including the "Inscription of Autun," and is the author of numerous works on archaeological, theological, and historical subjects.