Catholic chemist; the "Father of Modern Chemistry," born Paris, 1743; died there, 1794. Grasping the force of Priestley's and Cavendish's discoveries, he explained the true nature of combustion, and gave oxygen its name. Developed calorimetry, did research work on metabolism in organic chemistry, made valuable experiments with oxygen to which he gave its name, and drew up a system of chemical nomenclature. He studied the formation of acids, the metabolism of organic chemistry, developed quantitive and gas analysis and calorimetry, and evolved a consistent system of chemical nomenclature. His scientific achievements, however, did not save him from the guillotine during the Reign of Terror.