(April 15, 1707 - September 18, 1783) Christian mathematician. Revolutionized analytical mathematics. Made analytical calculus a science independent of geometry. Founded analytical mechanics Advanced the theory of definite integrals by developing "Eulerian" integrals. Established the theory on homogeneous functions designated by his name. First proved Fermat's theorem. Demonstrated new theorems on the circle. Made important research on logarithms as exponents. Initiated the work on the distribution of primes. Founded the general equation of hydrodynamics.