Reigned from September 1, 1181 to November 25, 1185. Born in Lucca, Italy as Ubaldo Allucingoli; died in Verona, Italy. Before his election he was a cardinal-priest, legate to France and to Sicily, and Bishop of Ostia and Velletri. He was elected and crowned at Velletri, then came to Rome where the revolutionaries forced him to flee. He resided at Velletri, Segni, and at Verona, where he held a synod in 1184 to take measures against the Cathari and Waldenses. He absolved King William of Scotland from the excommunication imposed on him by Pope Alexander III, and later sent him the Golden Rose.