Reigned from 1058 to 1061. Born in 1010 in Chevron, France as Gerhard of Burgundy; died in Florence, Italy. Bishop of Florence, he was elected at Siena, after the anti-pope John Mincius had established himself at Rome, and at once advanced with an army and seized the city, where he was enthroned in 1059. Under the influence of Hildebrand he labored to suppress simony and clerical concubinage among the Milanese. In regard to Sicily, he concluded an alliance with the Normans which promised peace to that country. One of the most important acts of his pontificate was the enactment of a law regulating papal elections.