Reigned from May 23, 1555 to August 18, 1559. Born near Benevento, Italy on June 28, 1476 as Giovanni Pietro Caraffa; died in Rome, Italy on August 18, 1559. Bishop of Chieti (Latin: Theate), whence he was called Theatinus, he became the first general of the Congregation founded by Saint Cajetan, its members being thenceforth known as Theatines. Cardinal, and Archbishop of Naples. As pope he continued the reforms of Pope Paul III, and reorganized the Inquisition in Italy. He entered into disastrous relations with England, rejecting Elizabeth's claim to the throne; and established the hierarchy in the Netherlands and in the Orient.