OLOF SWARTZ (1760-1818), Swedish botanist, was born in 1760. He commenced his botanical studies in Upsala, under Linnaeus and Thunberg, and began early to make excursions. He made a voyage to America in 1783, visited England in 1788, returned to Sweden in 1789, and was made professor of natural history in Stockholm. He was the author of many systematic works, and largely extended our knowledge of both flowering plants and cryptogams. He died in 1818.