"RUDOLPH MESSEL (1848-1920), Anglo-German chemist, was born at Darmstadt Jan. 14 1848, and educated at the universities of Zurich, Heidelberg and Tubingen. He came to England in 1870 and acted as assistant to J. C. Calvert and later to Sir Henry Roscoe at Manchester. He then took up industrial chemistry and made notable experiments, especially in connexion with processes for obtaining sulphuric acid ( see 26.68) for use in alizarin manufacture. He died in London April 18 1920.