a French Orientalist brother of Louis, was born at Paris, December 7, 1731. He studied theology at his native place, Auxerre, and Amersfoort, and with the subvention of his government he went, in 1755, to India, to study Sanskrit and Zend there. At Surat he succeeded in obtaining the help of some Parsee priests, who dictated to him in the neo-Persian language the contents of their books written in Zend and Pellevi. Having returned, in 1762, to Paris, he was appointed interpreter of Oriental languages at the royal library, and published a translation of the Zend-Avesta (Paris, 1771). In 1778 he published, at Amsterdam, the Legislation Orientale, which was followed by the publication of Recherches Historioques et Geographriques sur l'Inde (Berlin and Paris, 1787, 2 volumes). He also published a Latin translation of a Persian extract from the Upanishads, or the theologico- philosophical treatises of the Vedas. He died at Paris, January 17, 1805. (B.P.)