a German philosopher, was born March 3, 1812, at Reichenau, near Zittau. He studied at Jena and Leipsic; commenced his lectures at Jena in 1839; was in 1840, professor of philosophy, and died October 27, 1859. He published, Metaphysik (Leipsic, 1857): — Die Religions philosophie (ibid. 1860): — Die Epochen der Geschichte der Menschheit (Jena, 1845-46, 2 volumes; 2d ed. 1852): — Wie muss das Glaubensbekenntniss beschaffen sein, das zur Vereinigung aller Konfessionen fuhren soll (ibid. 1846). See Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:36. (B.P.)