the see of a Roman archbishop in France. The establishment of an episcopal see reaches probably as far back as the year 300; later, the bishopric was changed into an archbishopric. In 1441 the city received a university. Four councils (Concilia Burdigalensia) have been held at Bordeaux: in 384, against the Priscillianists; in 670, for the restoration of peace and for the improvement of Church discipline; in 1080, against Berengar; and the last in 1255.