a German convert from Judaism, was born in 1423. He was at first rabbi of the Jewish community of Cologne, but embraced Christianity in 1472, abandoning his wife and children, who refused to forsake the religion of their ancestors. The archbishop of Cologne, Hermann, proclaimed this conversion loudly, inscribing upon the outer gates of. the city the words, "Victor olim Judaeus." Carben was afterwards made priest, and combated, in various writings, the tenets of his earlier years. He died at Cologne, Feb. 2, 1515, leaving, Judaeo-rumn Erores et Mores (Cologne, 1509; Paris, 1511; also in German): — Propugnacilum Fufidei Christiance (without date; also in German, at Strasburg, 1519,1550). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.; Furst, ibl. Jud. i, 142; Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexikon, s.v.; Wolf, Bibl. Hebr, i, 355 iii, 238;: iv, 268 sq.; Kalkar, Israel und die Kirche, p. 89; Basnage, Hist. of the Jews (Taylor's transl.), p. 730; Adams, Hist. of the Jews, ii, 46 sq.; Gratz, Geschichte der Juden, ix, 77 sq. (B..P.)