a Protestant doctor and professor of theology in Germany, was born at Konigsberg, September 28, 1825. He studied at Berlin, Bonn, and at his native place. In 1851 he commenced his theological lectures at Bonn, and was, in 1858, appointed university preacher and professor of theology. In 1862 he was called to Greifswalde in 1867 to Jena, and, after Oehler's death, in 1872, to Tubingen, where he died, May 15, 1879. A few months before his death he had been ennobled. Besides his contributions to the Studien und Kritiken, Herzog's Real-Encyklopaedie (1st ed.), and Schenkel's Bibel-Lexikon, he published, Der Segen Jakobs in Genesis 49 historisch erlautert (Braunschweig, 1853): — Geschichte des alten Testanents in der christlichen Kirche (Jena, 1868), a "magnum opus:" — Die Sintflut und de Flutsagen des Altertums (1871; 2d ed. 1876). (B.P.)