a professor of canon law, was born at Colsfeld, in February 1793. He studied theology and philosophy at Munster, where Hermes was his teacher. From 1814 to 1817 he was professor at the Munster Gymnasium. When called to Berlin by the government, he betook himself to the study of canon law, resigned his position at Muinster, and commenced his lectures at Boln in 1822. He died at Wiesbaden, August 13, 1832. He published, Lehrbuch des Naturrechts und der Philosophie (Bonn, 1823; 2d ed. 1831): — Ueber das Naturrecht als eine Quelle des Kirchenrechts (ibid. 1822): — Religions-philosophische Abhandlungen (ibid. 1824): — Grundsatze des gemeinenn Kirchenrechts der Katholiken und Evangelischen in Deutschland (Miinster, 1828-33, 2 volumes). (B.P.)