a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born in 1805 at Wurtemberg. In 1833 he was deacon, in 1859 pastor at Haslach, and died January 5, 1881, at Stuttgart, doctor of theology and philosophy. He organized the Evangelical Society at Stuttgart, and took a great interest in the work of missions. He published, Der symbolischen Bucher der evangelischprotestantischen Kirche-Bedeutung und Schicksale (Stuttgart, 1833): — Geschichte der mittelalterlichen Ketzer, besonders im 11, 12, u. 13 Jahrhundert ( 1846-50, 3 volumes): — Handbuchlein fur Kirchenalteste (1851). See Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:490; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:335. (B.P.)