a Protestant theologian and historian of Germany, was born at Konigsberg, August 23, 1813. He studied theology and history, was teacher at the Joachimsthalsche gymnasium in Berlin from 1838 to 1842; commenced lecturing at the university in 1846, and was made professor in 1856. He died June 21, 1870. Besides his editorial work on the Monumenta Germanice, he wrote, De Vita et Scriptis Luidprandi Episcopi Cremonensis (Berlin, 1842): — Widukind von Corvei (1867): — Hrotsuit van Gandersheim (1879). (B.P.)