a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born in 1829. For some time preacher in Frankisch-Grumbach, Hesse, he was called in 1875 as professor of the theological seminary at Herborn, and died April 11, 1878. He wrote, Die Heldenzeiten des Christenthums (Leipsic, 1856): — Hunmanitdt und Christenthum (Gotha, 1867, 2 volumes): — Die deutsche evangelische Kirche in der Gegenwart (1869): — Civitas Christiana (Wiesbaden, 1874). (B.P.)