a French historian, was born at Chambery, in Savoy, October 26, 1828. He studied at the College Bourbon in Paris, and published, in 1857, L'Eglise et es Philosophes au XVJIII Siecle. In 1858 he issued Essai sur la Revolution Franpaise. Histoire Politique des Papes followed in 1860, but his main work is Histoire de Napoleon I (1867-75, 5 volumes; Germ. transl. Berlin, 1869-76). He died November 15, 1877. Of his OEuvwres Completes, the first volume was published in 1879. (B.P.)