a German theologian, was born at Schonberg, Prussia, March 3, 1737. In 1758 he went to the Levant as a preacher of the Danish mission, and afterwards became pastor of the Lutheran Church, and director of their school at Smyrna. In 1768 he accepted a call to Magdeburg as pastor; in 1773 to Stockholm, as German preacher and inspector of the German Lyceum. He died June 18, 1805. He was an excellent scholar in many branches of theology, has done much for mission and education, and by his contributions to the literature on the Orient contributed largely to Bible geography. His Expositio brevis locorum Sacrae Scripturae ad Orientem sese referentium, etc., deserves special mention (Halse, 1777, 8vo). — Doring, Gelehrte Theol. Deutschlands, volume 2, s.v.