Bible Encyclopedias
Passion Cross
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
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FXDZcZBDv8pMj6OyCXOCuarwWV5vDSwdcZ3QGrPVQ5n34JMYPWh8hsrL42FkRcGoFQuUoGvNNSUfebtFa/e7zXvWHkYzp7/YqynScXfkMfohszNcfg0uwC9LckbP4WgCe3OfaHM/BkOVRceZb4vC6Dgz55O6lPmNgbp6fvtRhrklP/aQIdcVeLYUMX0uwygbGwEUNEj4mV4zTIxal9L02JoeCMAv9S9dKDUwnotgJm1ANZztskLfue1VwmCRx239LGXF8TYvOoe+iqfxHfDUQJalS69+PEttT8BiG69E8UCKcUzD82QCuqcynSdvsxt/6vV6zcAfXMsJyA+AXIuENrIeKqFTjFwSWn3la3VmoLxVIXJSmXSihz3vTmwDuDwYZX1U142apCDErUAVuIVp6aoH3WOk2w9eEH5HsfeQji3aKKae9B4Hoenyt/dmA6tYiQu3CUatEZRHX6jQfz47j0wLjNxXTNI30ibzoXrbzRsTAd0t4XetmoHjG4Oyd2gcFkFu8SrPn+TB9N+fDiSzB/+kV7Jgfuc402ETecauy16+6e1AAY66VYrRXZSSmkZroxxe3ueerDD+cOOZvVxp1IuJHlLIkCIuoXXaCwQOay8PKPt9/YiK8UNHj8eeA3gMZha8dmpmWvtrvpbdtVdBHCTe7w4lJugCTDTyXb4j3Rei1tOtSOKuqOh0xeWzb/PTRLNSUj0U30bv/JKxRtnFmkVsytvYjtj3wu+9rOKRTJ9pjCqw5y/4VYxPdEPwUmcikBef6n3jH30gQ445KtkkTIlCrPbSdM57fGLa62P05BGwIQf/IIXV7quP4aaRUtqGGDCA8AMOqTbSVZWTpZm+r87ekShNav/nP3GA8BG1uNz2VZ3ldf8izID45vNVvb9SiKXy7op2wPAYoLIlb1TUEUQlrnhsUWJTt7HmUNpWQ2DSpm/dmW7mjMMHgBmEfIN+VZWUadITLynEqarv7M4MRHVEqVGOyWlAuzN1Iyte2ZQL3tK/6Xyjc4SEz982uWUWH/UZ/R1n4rSGKaSIiNEJADptcOKQkvD9FZ9iYtd3QNWf/S+dn4k9Q2kk5RZdV81vvvect2QSza9Xx1NgJnJ/XmIXMCqVPbdB+QlfsS19bwuGL6a4Fb/e/SfAHtzsvKh9k1wfEP7rltic+LVEHE7uP4+BbtPsoH45+0ty6ZazUrfsWvSbu2yl+k67GXUE5UUbdlr3VbpgrImfRRXeXp3ROZO8LbkELbJxBda/88GaCEx8XVKZaY7ez4J2OgmjUme9pKv7b/26mCGIy6Ko+pW/6x02wlbfw+k75c7wozk27QnJtmqqSOKbFzPeeaQ4SYNjxe5CpLluXi5QYyLlRHbrYk2TUcZzEj9WWoJxhLa0fr/Fv8cnBY10nnmVu2Vc2rqaXYVevTdQRFS6zJf4Xsbx2jTQFmAOnLVv60x7kvFT6RUI9lF5nAh1/We2HP9zjrEtPB3oFscmNa7EKNEVhbo/jWMvI/K6k2AOTctuwR7zke12+48SxfSRrqVmdAG2MiXs4ltIHlKNNk83ZdlItdSUGHRRoW6mhL/OO7a5SyoNw5Pi2MHcI0O2L2sXqsXzU81mjM8qfShSmHxUrpvAcOz8VYvpN6MBs5kxLfYCXtWOkh2VWg/5/bwpuOumccqUm4wZH8/TLJyLbjCn9wTzaSlHGKDxQXt7eRd4jb//E6d4HqLgS7AbZUASzsIUBBf8W6DBtAFujhiaNZEurBGLljuBB8n3dxsgPM3r5OJlt5OnakHOP+LvMSVnuVGObNESlYG25itoLzLzwXMnmhvBrmyHg9S59sD2doAC7sTmp26ViZgpXa72LkAOnmrdJnFKm25oniJtREmggZXmar00o4bLlQ7381V9skdCwFFTeXKSUKIDsRmWP9PBmheKi3tzcGAXfpV6AjAGom1yalH3H77G78pzL2k5IvaKHPG81We6J1rsE7cJ1Vhn4/OZlN5lWQmUa8IdpGuFXKzJe4o6wvJsT82lg8BusqK8heSpYywmzUqfwkfC2Wzf5fMedu42PcBh/EGvSRFyCx1vodXpzPwzWF5tcmtzJRfgirnpHhPv6pjpUgrYAyPgKkyzdHzjRXWM6QG0VSOJRvifITFdQCpofIX5JFUIczuSNtAlkF7ipwJas4AS9VBE5lbLN+fxFyRSwypLY3nUEw624a4mpCRGlq7FOIqyOl9AM5KijUlVN7QEK0ZsODh6rQsi0xQP6hCrnWHykr72U0AjUa4eOX2Kso/36iBoVLvnwuwJVtO6pbPld8ZnbUD1gbSdkgEbHB9xlj7S2ahVb8nh5SYe007unilewwg8aDzuyqvVvsARkmKexGkzm3t0AwYBVAg8yznelHlM/zKM05K4x2d2Aygu9WVZV6DB4Hz8g5uWFjZpTgU4LikZXm1EqGmzdUeANbWoARdkyfcVtaHvS8r5YILAAbXxyUVAuvlVah7ZQZeAPwkKRTQKmVRjo73ALARoZB9CT9Sgly9lHmry5cGBiFT39wkuFJiOpDnlP6d8vMPPADMqIfjH/kTsDtkJaRsirQf5PKlLg1Rw9XIYQsEFw/a37hfYsscVaQwXUNPAEscDfwgVx9R8VKWGHZR0VH3cy20xjYDPpZ2BpBJYKwQXKe2xIbaoVhTJV/vCWD6JGSfCVQs/DFQy57d60QpUIHCpgKF0obY/DzqV/APk+lIoWqY4sI9AYwpHWR7RCzI8wdg2ephgu6CY4WDxCCiF0UltYZMf7rVys8EPAKs7Bgc2l/zR9g6dWr9p5v3QkKBAlkmwMMr7w1tklglZWQl9vcMMHRwZnCa/9YwOZSvRv2KdjfCunYAllyQNcIqqw1TpNesVivPGrHeQ0BGtj8aWeZ8b1ZjLAxu5I75H4lE7ezmypFnIsvFZ59J0XMUe9rrH04AvvEHYHUkmoH/KLQKCfclg16WH2jPMEeCs0WK3+ou5XDNMZ4CVn8osLbQD4ANkRe407zKonVKik2Eku8k5bvHoVAiDspI+xeFOWvv8bpiAbad9scQaytvCbOGq9cQHKsULK9KmhSdJCNlAKubCoUeA1YKIG2XVm+nTZTn+mONCtI92f27/wCOPOOnIzjkzfLnFYE8JtljwFIBXsqXU4wTuXZxhI9I5zwHa7CmuLcRkOcnR+bN0lLap9jb9hnkMWCTmwJ/nJVTjDXnibJlJk+DYt3iHaFFvOkDNPPTiSnyPLZVC9V8i8eAJXSQKD1dE8cB2wb6JFmVK+6vLNAGTZPsSB28u0VW3hVNRBrKEjUvvg1AxMsGjwGT6tTaOZEutnm+rqxurktXFsYuHbS8PbgpnL1d1umbaavsrxSGvsR3Zc5MxS0qKtUL7cOwEJtE6DtF2LEat9aTlKhF7Ya3aFLlhZmA9Lmy8q4Q/FtZQz/zOQ66SfXkzPzSC8Ba9UaWRXrFsA9hkuyxysZfVP5oPCd8AMB7siaNXfYXilzWJcrXRA+rhjRDx3gBmF4Aj++RxfeWc75lkrTmuo3Cvrnc0vPRQKGkzOMrDNXRALobfPYXWKqsjCEvRXgBGHUA3TFJo4EVti0rw2iknBeZbx2pGrWTLVoC6ZLOn889YX/VGMAwVtawrZ2CN4A9FQ3i+S8kTSH7bcu9LhFqD/M9xdvV4AHJHTR+cCfAM7vl9MAKw/o9OeLzOcVgf/DaUK8AS+0A/L1PEmDl5ziffh8KD/meovUQ4Me1BjocFgcUvipnSryqSkNafDZVfT8DwPBSG7wCjHEAP0iZ9O0lpR8uQZHv6o7ZqrQapln+aKYD2CFlVyy7ahBx4bMiT/GU1bXAS8B6xQEHFsqoX0pYmW2EBSHFn2+62pNGaHZfKmsDkLbN56z1jhdhX5W/Z5TIDeZPnL7hxmqjfettuI9w4YxGHO16/ZuhD+p7NwI2lZXP8BFAdBuA9I26m72V9LLURSRW+2FuoUO3gAQDjOI5EO2HY9E/VMQUwwBvAeO+bcDiF7zTTOw8vX8ubCMxDjiK5f4e2Z+MCt54J78BeTfFAzkXaNynF73aeDHHTle3fpp54B/YPrQUCTFdDA2OU+866XgJdWjc6uKceje+m8YUIHy7d46fEzSXtP4Bz1M/YzUdnu3JV08AdErz1af1TTB8Y39D0T5P8S3Vs0okEcMjzl9xN3SCJwPFq73rMCMhOM4R6Ym2u4qBjF2epz5HPaep1QRPvpoSCuye7KvOrwQsRukjLF9RZQ9x4YXi1vKwX0wevNezrzf5L0f/H4ch2w78eq/d/pXx7tXNR3ue+gVVrHvSI+vJBp+OA1Zv8lGxHQYpt1a97ePu6OdKP7ol2gfA2t64BLL+4ZW6Yz365DhHD3pUDFHRc7XBc/bqnBoKa9QEz74bGlkIZe/5BphxDTzgoMxxvgGmOr/0ccOeuqZ0ba857g3mndrmF89nKMt/Ffe88H97qEiOleG2YNrmkIUP+odPqZ5S5G698AmwRwCMXnku1PPj8QKr1aAzDTw16NE9GgpsPeBT7rrQyg7jiqTg0y6EeXQRQNQXrXwCbPQ/gVPjvCmB1o3lYC8UwZ8qP5Ffezz4Gy2Lh/QBvvm+Vd7hPqU4MPjEy3ylyPPdbscnwJgaCXy/04sSaDRkN5/0wt/ZulPoRbCgIb2Ac5/4JIdVNmnKyfB90lADuDXHR8CajQNMv+I3yv+K1h5+UjRTCRVEE2/69N0Ab0t1L5Vg82BWA82M9zmjp0KA93P9BpjO4PGUmDFZ1d19480WbwuATF+GmOWo/Gb4Ttn1ub2Dz4A1bAec8m7bT8sAiLnT42St6ugRbbwpVOvrAGbk+NC6wfIBWwNAyhfRPgMW8iLAuzlezBMuVfJms9lsBrO+maczSoE1HPGNXjVNeAxAto9BICR7ux1U9okf1rsTlTTQiI8nQ/qn/9K2vEDxgl5tFfnK0Mnmy1pyuEPxYmUrXzdqdW7+iviDAOMT3u9WQElRltVNIWq8+947TbWzfetu7xrnlW3ZYOq/xRc51xApFa+/BxUB1HUr0GtSSmaHAQ0vaXn1maSkpFoEJyUlJSXFQI9pg5IUqhWUVMsmvFYuRXRS+UQw320ep63fex2e8CUDwCtea2kLk4iqEAf/T6X7n/I6RdUO41N372kDzDIZ4C0tr/puRDbTbR5W3ei7Fq/bpzVA3UIfANPNtb9xONpHwP5p1Sa6IW2KU/3DHwNv39rU/auJ6MaJDUCewWKIxGieqmTxZe1V5nsurhvbli/PjE+Yd8MvcQfIvK8ZwG8rFZOMsgv9B25ZWuZ+PVNVbi0mec9Mj3sBODfeBwe8RvfYX0Um+Og0ohwM3bwbUqZEkZcK0ELDpLiQsDPCZDKZTpw+cdpkulQeZ3X7BlFwUAghTEKUCSFMpj+UB6V/mkwmk8lU9IcQxjg+cpfFOWXpCVnsy9bTIwBxRbKmxL0+Tom/KFGKPhBypkQhFKFuuxbAmOT9TCWOR4cud/PKBXWnd5xPe4UZrQCGFHgNWMXG3ecbYEZFc9DqsNs3tU4qSui10ZpM037xwc12Yb7BnafXGyqLONGnKajemhhglQ+RVmTqtR9WGvY+94o2rYA1GAWQ9pyWd++M9r7kFrfmb5mqBD+kg29t1GQ8wPMyY0J6TYcWABBxkzwdWNRb0QDL9mhqdO9pdJQ7JcKbig6w6be+hqF/Mg4oeaUmALZVkVVTkuUBRqPvEwDLy34uehO3UrPihhP6rs8Rx+sEA/y09fLjVfyG8nubXiJg9O0AsGy7f3U2bsvzi2JOP2y4z80UNBbA6LWCSp4b+iI1WoQRmYApDl7mYX+5V9r4UPY/3Gxtn5xvBIh93vdm0j/bFWC7t99vr7Tj4LVO8kt166G7JgMD7aynSTkAcpQ7tj78mA/c9kuuzQzTlN1z3ftSDsx4DYB3vPiyOAka2t8o6Q8QdNqLtM4rZq36CZpUfx6MsKCZyQBfuztr1OgDk8hDcS5DpKQp3gYR/5AyFT20SA9M8eJA6Sq+zBl7oTzevEf0g5JW2VWauCiPlDuKfrpSmNL8yjqZnr54Oewpie3u/Ok5RWyqPU3OGSeRQWUAX3n+5bcXYGAFoSwKQJzwHPonVXmyl7aQuh4ZYc7vlQMUHLCLgmSc+Q7/Gm4XSS2YPhX3Hc6UQVQ8ZFpHTlS8KIg2nQP4Ni15OHr7kwB/LKnXGUhn3tCkBlB0kXp2RfxIcbh+aIqk1V4fbAJ+2+XpeaNlSwX0tr9zMQ1A39XjIpx7U/ltvyJGPmApzXYDOdPs3NZOPgoPTbktBhicCnCaH26NBFjE2LkXoORrM9S9Ab6xxiOt19Kc0W/vLgAzTCFoVBgX8hTTE/NXZE7Uc/4nzC+Gjgpj8yGW3GbLbL86eUkL3zfSMgaw3LHbw0mh7BgEhTuYqTzXRr+j/j6v9Zwdj9bHQ80Bwp4oKb/1CX6mWvtse071AYibtU/aMWDGGeHg6JguNzQD6pqq6hJ173ma0Peq3PliscYPPIvq2+rlO4CSN1PKLXvumuXOAK6B0s76yTFF73bdfqvNQCp7JjBh9dCE96qKQplnOsF1ffKePk+MNV61eDwDIP7H7vJ6Q/CUwx8D027r6Nl3OmjkwGdJ56nRXebzioFj++e1Gol4GIZ5zJrPAKaPts0H5mASRw8HyJ6+CyDxo4qDe9td5WeTVjQ/vBdgMjhwKriUpiwrW2fS03qeyXTlOPivu0sdwNM3/Qm87OHGWDDc5UDy0nt6LOoIZaeaHtqNejwcwicUddfn9o5Sd1j3pTds2LBhw3GZ5zBOInav+ne3MtImmuWe9CgUvetUj74pexRmCN+3V35RbR1e1b717SlgQjEwa5dr2xm6lm65wl80iWutbXSDogDMkp2FsrnPLk++MdWRA5jKH8f8pf0Tj9masa8BHEy1WlJG1GLbMT/yHFbV/2/K2dULEmVn0FJxGxjlkQZUzl7YWZXdfdsD60rP+dCnXwFIe7u8RZsmVYNGWwkVe8318lP+1yCAY4+XUd302nkA3e2eeJp4Ycai2AJ+ah1WRno28H/dipRdlWEG+Um3WD0K4J0vqhuvlYqFWe3Fof4FLGwigFGV0OnKriy/180y4QzAIy/6JfVpoQBPH69evM49ovwO8yimgReAJfw3HuCzdOUyi4MZfq/c+K8Amj7jn9RbTQLIeLF6AXtVYQPGe+a04I1lX51vAUpvVwbWGB/9DrXQtiUA0T/X9VP6798BsOh+czXiNVWZEOt76GTiDWD6DgN1wJb/WWXISL/VSp3d11kAnk72Wz6K9cus5dXIcLyu/C7xUHXh1YFTtda8PhWYWTIbaNfm7887fAfckArM8zYId+N+82wq2UP7WhpPQn/WKU6kK14Dms64xX/NN3rbewAP7H5WsxrYpygdxrdmKMvLW708/dQ7aTNH0Q/NEkKInn7tiR2FWB4KhP8t/ErKkadJ2twrTI2IPeCL4Jym1u51j8vppXV67E/1Ae5bizUAuL+oCYWPlgJjWvt3ilIsLrM0x3kLa+lLburRjt08N4b19gy+uE4ZAGsGwDPZv3SOMa1vU5hOLFbH2hAlbHKnUxdhuDUcat534e2P60pLTiqXw1P4NOIOTB86N1yKn5zKvDSAQX5eUzo+9QYg7n5aIycqTD44YRaMAqD3Bi++9XYK2ZIKoHtXCCEOCiG255/fvv3Yse0qHZQ2V+0PAXhV+J1uBiDyF21TYlKh91PiEdUkZZoXpfQaMFHYF4B3/dyMG/oCXGX2P2Cq0XbUOW2AFXkNmEmNdtxXVCtgIl9BrF+2P1tRMeJod9r/eImyI48D8KI2wPIdAGbQAtgu1SSm0d5qBkxciAPgTX/ipQNoWx14CSEuNAGIXqUFMP0sB4CFpbv91DzHqir/WVQ3YGIqAA0P+a0FX9ABtK8mvIQ4lAwQvkoDYJXMNxTAxrv3jFOjp9DgQ0v1A5ZzYzBA+Fw/tZ+iP29ebXgJ8bMOIHy1e8BqZ3sHmGq01GC/lyXEtwo+pMhK/mnSLxUd5Zjqw0uUKcaGEbvcAlbH5AAw3Ul3GWxV1KHRXnPRPgKWo5i/ttstv+2MCxS8krZWI2BilWIvPfi0O8CiNle4sweAXvnuhCE18sVAcZkAE4WKQKt/K0dyy5UMUap29RlRrXRcCV4Vt9qzKTH7GoDHXKdt+UnF62nLZQNMFA5WynCt3HYrsOKVKaqZpqu2Kn97JIeJOwFauDYRsjocP+1D8XwGTBR+pExdI6QOBUUXS+cLotppiroRXOJ6DbO7PHn44CbFevKEi3SLl8apZj++aAGCfFbCRUw+NLsY+O7GiRJVe4rFyIjZCdVuGYNq9/rD6C9c7fNdeuOS7TTNv4xmQx7AMFcnD55XO2H/j3za8JXRJxXHuE7npXXyS29G+mGa1Ujn1ChCPORc+m3kuDEnu0h2s3qo5VO+lU4KYNsVW8wnpLWZcpxgVLq4PIhdozRtqlOlW6GTkTTReaKb1PlwqKgBgIk0hfNI9iFalx09lqzYaT4qLhMVqEaXDUY5YdN3JQYFBdkbOykXuvudJvmAupP9lK+Wyzo5YRpLblFO+7jDd+M+y8vTTABhb98dyeWidx5TLWWcnA13zgQ5c4HgTtuB6EkX5wF3N3Xm9Xr/LOV3ygyfiyapUxZN1QPoZvickhod9urD4nLSfCXOTuRyKalZT9ht7Psyj7QqLlEGva96RVUfxUFxeel3def8BaPPSeXZzqKQwEXJA0zlFHzUK1rxevsy4yUyrfbnN5t8TGlHEzWlqEbTaxRgPyhVbDPLew+xU6r+kIH5lxsw8bP1MO+bfVRtd1bTafq3SdQowES2aigTMtNbyNUIH0GzRE2gd1Xjobj9PiSSYZXqmh6RUiiZgInCd5UBEn7Wq8+XW704hooaQqp17k3eM0DvWx1+Hz0hah5gQnypqLo6eyNtFDZV66bbXFMAEw8qJYpc5eX3x3tK0Pf6EzAbYp4rbZe1s+I1v8bgJc6oBjPtvTKYEX9Y/UWbl9ZUwMRXQd5tiyyzeqG2XyBqEJ0ZoRr63uMFx/CHGrEi6aWzosYCJpYqXNHVazzDy7ptcF2OqFn0nno81CiP1W47rBFGpkssjnzARIF6hKMHvGLJKJWdD/mwUNQ0OqGeM/+9Z589k6xq1upvFDUbMJGn+oI+fUnjB6W28KJ3iRpIJ5RQPuEv7/Dgo6nWKjXYJ2o6YEKo5x3u1va2sTwc7JKaCJj4IMzjraynrTW6Y7+4AgAzKdZinb/QoIgre7U88OCA0hoJmDigBEKNX63x/QLb+HpUdlH8A5jIVYMJ9sh2+6rdEZ2fi5pKaujaiB80vX3IdkzsFHGFACbyZl+r2A086lor+Gt/a92emb1a1FxKm63I0P1/dP/uDKu2t70feiB+q+JFNepaX1d836+2yG9V3JaO7Nu3b9NdY8eO/cn9DPzT2DXa4g0e3ue9560q2I93pwv+t7VK/zSJKwkwcUlFLPUzZyfSlH7jHK+15TNlH3e9ehmgBYivhgIfiE3eLSyHeijFSdysES+/tKofARPZVscaZ4HGv7VhUjWS56GXp0HIq6tWrWoND5e5zGgQ8KT78nwZFNyzV8+Esd2aeVkhlZWIc4XYf6xV8pOHiD8BE/NVO5WwLx09/esB28mKjhF9gMZCKP4ern2pNneKGrLWbWkeDeJ1IcQnEbT21hLmKdUl3+n26hmbh/QkcQUCZkPM8EjVZw/bwtu3/NDx16/TyCyEMF2F7m0hjIsWf/ubEEKInxZ9ofAn6xYvPCiEuLjZYtsz3epUI7Y4iH5lQgjxNqwQviEWt9Dx45M29rCHuCIBE4tGKzrC4JRlFe5blk6wVm34O860h9MUwM4nw1mxqV3HRFgohPiL1k1ofYcQon7ddiH3fyd20+KalCNCiNKZTYPov04Iy2MpKc/n3tzkv+vKU+tt1ellN2OlWLlwq9i38JAQQqy4puG7JiGEKHy9SZOlpy8IsblNSrfPFjo0mHlFNSGdsNTBw+O2UBD1d1yhgAmxXz251zDKzlb9z462uFUznH86jaBFJpPpBmiXkx8fKY43p1mmsNxuKCzeFtNCiBcGGsXHRJlLX+8Pe4UQ03jw79cTOCDMfYEl0wfbHVlbNghUV9ExrBZNCUoOo/5+caRZ0p3juNUsROlABg0icYrYEtNr7yuhjHRYqKxHrCJxRQv5iwOTk61GbrX+e15csYCJPGswoOE2tccLtvhABlfGNtMgPKFubSLuPi1eQ/+E2AGbhSkuZL0Q73UWomXk0lLxGEYhtsM+IbLDXxBCrKR7gciLg9lC9GKwNbE9YTZL6tc7FIsHAAN8LKZH7xXiPUYXiUUsEOI+7hBPUSrEW1znpFhvqrxUir2S8KLdaaO1/OnR5n/ALIfvV0NwD9mp6G0+ibLpel16Ok6DBqnhLWaeF0L8WCesrngTtgtTIwwjP8jPF6Ib1H/54AwhRHpz9omyV5guhPgjjJlC/BTOW0LcwghrYpvsfDkLhFgJEdsbJRftpY8QoqgWL4uRPHtwn+WRj8QbjP4g+2hjp1E0dqleDVeVexydtDsSovE2cUUDJoQ4pO7b9jUKIQrKVYdu9s2nwUxTtioRG8ckKICJ3xsD8U8IsbctUGvc7ypgRXXCfhdCHKrLgFKxMZzRQmwsByyjZfleQJ4Qy4lYInJzxb30FkKIO6hvWQKhIdcsFiIzDuISeuU5L5lqGNrKeojrvPLzgQz35IkrHjBxursiId9cJj6wMVJcL9wDVs6+hKSILbBdlOWWfnSzivZjjUIgeqdYB3+KgpBaQgixLYxuuWIaPCbEU+WAiSFYL9ZfI8RM7hUKUr2FEOJjogqEErv+nTKxqSHgZA2rgJh+mhBCGOeWD6+odX5uyqBqMVVvsPnYSwuA5QPqWo3vI8deP9Ltd9Gp1n/LxolneROiMbV/5oHJGzb/by3/jn37jb0bns3f2TmI2HBCb1qxejDExpY0izGuhlSoY5dWFCzfeQ3ALOCcGuRRDaJnZkjonsSNP4WaXplyw6Hcv77MnHt0w/HmTgs2s8fKxUDZjJMTVmTtVY9+0zefFN+xi7/bsrq0p+crBiKcoGFb73X0Non7BR4SYigMmVlWh1lCiEGtRCt2CVESEpMmttFfCDGXd4QQW2GRMLWDz4RYaTdMzjeGB4UQIj9hgRAraF0ohBBf0E8IIZ7TfSrGB28SQrzG+6+RLYRYGLnHZelmV46s2LhaNvOqDTCx9pnaNqfNLg+7fT1rx7nJ0G/7Huv0OHXHnsnAzSIB3t2+tftHIoWElTtOM6Xs3GxYXCZyuPpPUXAXw0vE+a7wP3GiK33Lme+F0OyQEJmPtDwrxEpVek6PSPhFiD2h5IjJRKwWQqw3vkL3rYWi8JgQk0e4OL5vzyh7uIZ/e0n83wJMiJMqZJ21bMJ+iiLVdDxmU6kOPh4Bz4g7fnhCUa2Of/iN+PoXV2Xtq6WEiDL9kMCvu5ldIsypAD1DK3oZbu1OzHUda4VmCpHVG3jWKIT4Eq67juu+NxXfCAwY3D9bvAC0Hlj7oBB1YY6LTYLPygfZ7OpqREn+YRpp/4MbQ/o1n9JKw6uZf5lCAFJjdACn0iCl1sELXBsCbLJEKYfpZJQ0h8ItwbpD3zzXC069ObjPsVQQM9ZcnzrvzoiMhTzZvzzN3HnLSvXBd06ECw9nizWND0RB6defF9PzdSgZYHnsk7WEHWn42YkBP71XfPeMWjQ8wxxXpzcefGdBCcCtT3etriasXsDgqS6jqCG0q37FIN1p8bEcyamr6J7SCtsD85b/q4frRA6s27XzlvZ3VF+pqxuw/4NUWK2OogHArjDSB5ogAFiAAoAFKABYALAABQALUACwAGABCgAWoABgAcACFAAsQAHAAoAF6DLT/xsAarqDNCLOlYcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
a cross of the form of that on which our Savior suffered, with a long stem and a short traverse near the top. It is of occasional occurrence as a heraldic charge, though less frequent than many other varieties of cross. A passion' cross, when elevated' on three steps or degrees (which have been said by heralds to represent the virtues of Faith, Hope, and Charity), is called a Cross Calvary.
Copyright Statement
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Bibliography Information
McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Passion Cross'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/​encyclopedias/​eng/​tce/​p/passion-cross.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.