a German professor of canon law, was born January 6, 1804, at Konigsberg, Prussia. He studied at Gottingen, and commenced his academical career at Berlin, where he joined the Roman Catholic Church. In 1833 he went to Munich, in 1849 to Innsbruck, in 1851 to Vienna, and died Sept. 6, 1872. His main works are, Das Kirchenrecht (Ratisbon, 1845-72, 7 volumes): — Lehrbuch des Kirchenrechts (2d ed. 1871): Deutsche Reichs- und Rechtsyeschichte (4th ed. 1859, 2 volumes): — Vermischte Schrifenz (Vienna, 1856-60, 3 volumes). See Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 2:995; Lichtenbegeer, Encyclop. des Sciences Religieuses, s.v. (B.P.)