Bible Encyclopedias
Shoulder

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature

is the rendering mostly of שְׁכֶ ם, shekem (as being the part bent to receive a burden; but perhaps the word is rather primitive; occasionally "back," etc.), and ῏ωμος (Matthew 23:4; Luke 15:4); frequently of שׁוֹק, shok (properly the leg [as sometimes rendered], especially the so called right or "heave" shoulder [q.v.], Exodus 29:22; Exodus 29:27; Leviticus 7:32-34, etc.); and elsewhere of כָּתֵ, katheph, the shoulder properly so called, especially the "shoulder pieces" (q.v.) of the high priest's ephod (Exodus 28:39); rarely of זְרוֹעִ, zeroa, the arm (Numbers 6:19; Deuteronomy 18:3), or of some denominative phrase.

Bibliography Information
McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Shoulder'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/​encyclopedias/​eng/​tce/​s/shoulder.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.