a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Darmstadt, August 23, 1803. He studied theology and philology at Giessen, and, after having labored for some nyears in the department of education, was appointed deacon to the court-church at Darmstadt in 1832. From that time he remained in the ministry, advancing rapidly, and was appointed in 1842 first preacher to the court. In 1847 he was made prelate and member of consistory, and filled this high position till 1872, when he retired. He died June 12, 1877. To him the Gustavus Adolphus Society (q.v.) is much indebted for the great interest and activity he showed in its behalf. His publications, mostly sermons, are all specified by Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 2:1495-97. See also Theol. Universallexikon, s.v. (B.P.)