Member of the grandducal Oberrat (Upper House) of Baden; born at Mannheim Oct. 14, 1823; died there Oct. 26, 1898. Extremely active in congregational and philanthropic matters, he was annually elected by unanimous vote a member of the synagogal council, and finally its president. The grand duke recognized his worth as a communal leader and as a public-spirited citizen by conferring upon him the Zähringer Löwen-Order of the second class. As a member of the grand ducal Oberrat he won for himself the respect and esteem of all classes of people.