German writer and teacher, who belonged only in a restricted sense to the school of the Meassefim, for he was a conservative and wrote against Reform and reformers. He annotated a mathematical work by Abraham Joseph Mentz (Mayence) that had appeared in Berlin in 1775, and wrote the following Hebrew and German works: "Anfangsgründe der Algebra," Leipsic, 1806-08; "Entwurf zur Selbstverständniss Eines Immerwährenden Kalenders," ibid., 1810; "Parpera'ot la-Ḥokmah," a commentary on the "Sefer 'Ibronot" (first published by Seb. Münster), with German transl., Dessau, 1811; "Shelemut we-Ẓurat ha-Nefesh," Moses Mendelssohn's "Ueber die Seele," with a commentary in refutation of Mendelssohn's views, ib. 1810; "Kebod Elohim," a polemic against the Reform movement, German ed., ib. 1812; "Dibre Yosher," a polemic against I. Wolf and G. Salomon's book "Der Charakter des Judenthums," and against the latter's "Selimas Stunden der Weihe," in Judæo-German, ib. 1818; "Freimüthige Gedanken." a portion of the preceding work in German, ib. 1818; "Yir'at Shamayim," a commentary to Maimonides' "Yad," Ḳiddush ha-Ḥodesh, together with Scriptural comments and novellæ, ib. 1820-21.