The name of one of the three great orders or gilds of Temple singers, in charge of the music of the Temple from David's day down into post-exilic times. In 1 Chronicles 16:41,42 Jeduthun is mentioned along with Heman as one of the musicians in service before the Ark of the Covenant; and also as the father of a class of doorkeepers (ib. 16:38,42). In 1 Chronicles 25:1,6, and 2 Chronicles 5:12 Jeduthun, Asaph, and Heman are mentioned as the three heads of the musical part of the Temple service. In 2 Chronicles 35:15 Jeduthun is called "the king's seer." In Nehemiah 11:17 is mentioned the descendant of a Jeduthun engaged in service with the Levites. In 1 Chronicles 6:33,39,44, and 15:17 the name "Ethan" seems to be used in place of "Jeduthun," and some scholars have devised a plan to show the possible philological identity of the two names.
The titles of three psalms (Psalms 39, , and ) contain the word "Jeduthun," possibly as indicating some kind of musical direction or instrument.